Acid in the stomach is thought to be a barrier to bacterial colonization of the intestine. Escherichia coli, however, has three systems for acid resistance, which overcome this barrier. The most effective of these systems is dependent on transport and decarboxylation of glutamate. GadX regulates two genes that encode isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase critical to this system, but additional ge...

Skeletal muscle is the major producer of lactic acid in the body, but its oxidative fibers also use lactic acid as a respiratory fuel. Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 has been suggested to play a major role in influx of L-lactic acid for oxidation. The regulation mechanism of MCT1 was characterized utilizing rhabdomyosarcoma cells as an in vitro skeletal muscle model. The uptake of L-lactic...

background: firoozgar comprehensive stroke center started up as the first organized care unit in the country in 2014; this study was performed to investigate quality indicators such as reduction in mortality, morbidity and hospital stay.   methods: two groups of ischemic stroke patients were compared. the first group had been admitted in general neurology ward (non-stroke unit patients) and the...

objective: development of high producing mammalian cell lines is a major bottleneck in manufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins. this study examines the effect of using the matrix attachment region from the human interferon beta gene in combination with promoter activation strategy with e1a 13s protein on human tissue plasminogen activator (t-pa) expression in chinese hamster ovary (ch...

Advances in synthetic biology have enabled robust control of cell behavior by using tunable genetic circuits to regulate gene expression a ligand-dependent manner. Such can be used direct the differentiation pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) towards desired types, but rational design PSCs is challenging due variable intracellular environment. Here, we provide framework for implementing switches bas...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: PUFA: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid; RNA: Ribonucleic Acid; SFA: Saturated Fatty Acid; MUFA: Monounsaturated Fatty Acid; SCD: Δ9-desaturase; FASN: Fatty Acids Synthase; STAT5: Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5; CEBPA: CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding protein (alpha); CLA:...

The residue of no-clean flux (NCF) on the printed circuit board assembly has been one major reasons for corrosion reliability failure electronic devices. source aggressive contamination is carboxylic acid activator as main cleaning agent soldering surfaces. Selecting suitable always concerns due to its conflicting properties, example, suberic a lower boiling point that will help in minimizing r...

High gold affinity impurities (halides, bases) in solvents, starting materials, filtration, or drying agents could affect the reactivity of gold catalyst adversely, which may significantly reduce the TON of cationic gold-catalyzed reactions. Use of a suitable acid activator (e.g., HOTf, In(OTf)3) reactivates the gold catalyst and makes the reaction proceed smoothly at low gold catalyst loading.

Gibrel, a potassium salt of gibberellic acid, was added to various crop residues and industrial wastes, in the presence of ample nutrients, at the rate of 50 parts per million; with and without Gibrel, samples were incubated for 45 days at 35 degrees C. Presence of Gibrel enhanced biologic decomposition of the materials; Gibrel can be used as an "activator" in composting.

1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH), an inexpensive, non-toxic and stable reagent, is a competent activator of thioglycosides for glycosidic bond formation. Excellent yields were obtained when triflic acid (TfOH) or trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) were employed as co-promoters in solution or automated glycan assembly on solid phase.