It is now more than 50 years since N-acetyl-neuraminic acid was first discovered and subsequently characterized by several groups (reviewed in Roseman, 1970; Gottschalk, 1972; Rosenberg and Schengrund, 1976; Schauer, 1982; Faillard, 1989). Relatively soon after its discovery, it became apparent that this molecule was actually the major member of a family of compounds related to neuraminic acid ...

Mycobacillin as well as its O-acetyl (tyrosyl and seryl) and ester derivatives is known to have antifungal activity. The antibiotic also possesses hemolytic activity. This latter property is not appreciably altered by partial or complete esterification of its free carboxyl groups. On the other hand, acetylation of the molecule at the two tyrosyl hydroxyl groups nullifies selectively the hemolyt...

Insulin resistance, a key component of the metabolic syndrome, is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Acetyl-L-carnitine infusion acutely ameliorated insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetics with insulin resistance. In this sequential off-on-off pilot study, we prospectively evaluated the effects of 24-week oral acetyl-L-carnitine (1 g twice daily) therapy on the gluc...

The absolute structure of the title compound, C(13)H(16)O(6), was determined. The pyranosyl ring adopting an envelope conformation. The acetyl groups are located in equatorial positions. The crystal structure features weak C-H⋯O inter-actions.

Increased oxidative stress and apoptosis have been implicated in the cardiotoxicity that limits the clinical use of cisplatin as an anti-tumoral drug. Our study was conducted to evaluate the protective potential of acetyl-l-carnitine, DL-α-lipoic acid and silymarin against cisplatin-induced myocardial injury. Eighty male albino rats were divided into eight groups. The first four groups were tre...

the mucopolysaccharidoses are a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of lysosomal storage diseases caused by defects in different enzymes for mucopolysaccharid degradation (glycosaminoglycans). except for mucopolysaccharide storage disease type ii (hunter disease), all are transmitted through an autosomal recessive mode of inheritanceinheritance. clinical feature of these metabolic dis...

The title compound, C(10)H(12)O(2)S, crystallizes with four mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. The main conformational difference between these mol-ecules is the orientation of the acetyl groups with respect to the ring. Whereas one acetyl group is only slightly twisted with respect to the thio-phene ring [C-C-C-O torsion angles = 165.7 (4), -164.6 (4), 164.3 (4) and -163.6 (4)°], the other ace...

Reaction 1 was observed in cell-free enzyme preparations of C. kluyveri (21), but the participation of the remaining reactions is supported only by indirect evidence obtained from studies on other bacteria (2). Koepsell et al. (12) demonstrated the formation of butyryl phosphate from acetyl phosphate and butyrate by cell-free extracts of Clostridium butylicum; and Lipmann (13, 14) demonstrated ...

Schizophrenic patients undergoing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy show alterations in N-acetyl aspartate levels in several brain regions, indicating neuronal dysfunction. The present review focuses on the main proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in the frontal lobe of schizophrenics. A MEDLINE search, from 1991 to March 2004, was carried out using the key-words spectroscopy an...