Specifical ly—labeled samples of averufin have been synthesized and incorporated intact into aflatoxin B1, versicolorin A and versiconal acetate as determined by NMR spectroscopy. [1—'3C]--Hexanoic acid has been shown to be uti I ized as the primer of the pathway whi le a group of alternative starters was found to be degraded to acetate prior to incorporation. The correct structure of nidurufin...

Studies of the biological incorporation of isotopically labeled acetate into steroid hormones have become a well established tool in the field of steroid biochemistry. We have undertaken the study of the incorporation of acetate-l-U4 into the various sterols and steroid hormones of the pregnant mare. This study has been a joint undertaking of the two laboratories and has been the subject of sev...

The basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans, an invasive opportunistic pathogen of the central nervous system, is the most frequent cause of fungal meningitis worldwide resulting in more than 625,000 deaths per year worldwide. Although electroporation has been developed for the transformation of plasmids in Cryptococcus, only biolistic delivery provides an effective means to transform linear DNA ...

Plasma cells obtained from the peripheral blood of a patient with multiple myeloma was incubated in serum and Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with (14)C-labeled glucose, acetate, and propionate. Glucose utilization by these cells amounted to 0.5 mumole per hr per 10(8) cells and was mainly via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, and only 6% or less traversed the hexose monophosphate shunt. The presenc...

DNA microarray has been used extensively to analyze gene expression profiles of microorganisms. Transcriptome profiling can provide important information about cell physiology and has the potential to identify connections between regulatory or metabolic pathways that were not previously known [5]. Physiological meanings of acetate synthetic pathway in E. coli have been studied for many years. I...

Bacillus smithii is a facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium able to use a variety of sugars that can be derived from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Being genetically accessible, it is a potential new host for biotechnological production of green chemicals from renewable resources. We determined the complete genomic sequence of the B. smithii type strain DSM 4216(T), which consists of a 3...

autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (alps) is a prototypic disorder of abnormal lymphocyte homeostasis. in the september 2005 issue of the iranian journal of allergy, asthma and immunology, a patient with clinical features consistent with alps was described. although the clinical presentation was in favor of alps, a precise diagnosis needed more laboratory evaluations.

Terpenoid phytoalexins function as defense compound against a broad spectrum of pathogens and pests in the plant kingdom. However, the role of phytoalexin in antiviral defense is still elusive. In this study, we identified the biosynthesis pathway of a sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin, capsidiol 3-acetate as an antiviral response against RNA virus Potato Virus X (PVX) in Nicotiana benthamiana. NbTPS...

Low ethanol yields on xylose hamper economically viable ethanol production from hemicellulose-rich plant material with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A major obstacle is the limited capacity of yeast for anaerobic reoxidation of NADH. Net reoxidation of NADH could potentially be achieved by channeling carbon fluxes through a recombinant phosphoketolase pathway. By heterologous expression of phosphot...

Due to anaerobic conditions, peatland soils store globally significant amounts of carbon and are an important source of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. One component of anaerobic carbon cycling, homoacetogenesis (i.e., acetate formation from carbon dioxide and dihydrogen via the acetyl-CoA pathway), has rarely been quantified in natural environments because it is commonly viewed as being ther...