Halting an epidemic outbreak in its early stages requires a detailed understanding of the contact dynamics between the agents capable of carrying the pathogen. While current epidemic models assume that agents interact at a uniform rate, following a Poisson process, here we provide evidence that for several computer and biological viruses the inter contact time distribution is heavy tailed. This...

Service-based systems should be able to dynamically seek replacements for faulty or underperforming services, thus performing self-healing. It may however be the case that available services do not match all requirements, leading the system to grind to a halt. In similar situations it would be better to choose alternative candidates which, while not fulfilling all the constraints, allow the sys...

Irrigated agriculture is placing increasing pressure onfinite freshwater resources, especially in developing countries, wherewater extraction is often unregulated, un-priced and even subsidized.To shift agriculture to amore sustainable use ofwaterwithout harming the food security and livelihoods of hundreds ofmillions of smallholders, substantial improvements ofwater use efficiencywill be requi...

The evaluation of half-cell potential measurements in reinforced concrete (RC) members can be a key issue for civil engineers. primary reason this is that the interpretation based on available standards provides information related only to possibility corrosion concrete, but it does not provide clear perception influence capacity RC members. objective study two-fold: (1) explore level flexural ...

Testing the critical chloride content (Ccrit) in laboratory samples or retrieved from structures enhances understanding of rebar corrosion initiation concrete and can result a significant improvement predicting residual service life ageing structures. A possible drawback test methods for Ccrit is that they be time-consuming. In this work, different accelerated testing are studied compared. It f...

The corrosion behavior of pure aluminum 1060 subjected to a wet-dry cyclic accelerated test in simulated Nansha marine atmosphere the dark and under UV illumination has been investigated by means scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Mott–Schottky measurements this work. results show that two conditions, native oxide films are constantly destroyed thi...

1Cr17Ni2 stainless steel is used in aviation, ships, machinery, and other fields. However, stress corrosion will lead to its strength reduction, thus failure. In this paper, we studied the resistance of bolts nuts using fasteners’ test method a simulated environment with accelerated fasteners. The influence seawater concentration, temperature, stress, duration, parameters was fully considered d...

To clarify the health risks related to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), we evaluated the genotoxicity, acute oral and dermal toxicity, eye irritation, dermal irritation and corrosion and skin sensitisation of commercially manufactured Ag-NPs according to the OECD test guidelines and GLP. The Ag-NPs were not found to induce genotoxicity in a bacterial reverse mutation test and chromosomal aberrati...

Corrosion accounts for 52% of the recorded breakdown insulators utilized in transmission lines, which may interfere with reliability power utilities. The CeO2 conversion coating, CeO2-ethylene propylene diene monomer, EPDM composite and Perfluoropolyether PFPE lubricating oil-infused hydrophobized surfaces were developed on insulator surface to address these challenges. properties three kinds s...