As the supply of desalinated water becomes significant in many countries, the reliable long-term operation of desalination infrastructure becomes paramount. As it is not realistic to build desalination systems with components that never fail, instead the system should be designed with more resilience. To answer the question how resilient the system should be, we present in this paper a quantita...

Groundwater levels rose (an average of 10m) (mostly in 1970’s and 80’s) due to irrigation induced recharge to the groundwater in Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA). Water table depth rise was a direct result of the net amount of recharge over and above the regional groundwater outflow capacity. Control of net recharge through a range of options is critical to the sustainability of CIA and requir...

The paper presents an attempt to assess sustainability of desalination plants for water production based on resource, environmental and economic indicators. Four types of desalination plants are taken into a consideration: single MSF, dual purpose MSF, RO with local energy consumption and RO with PV electric energy production. The analysis is based on data from desalination plants in Gulf count...

Episodic recharge as a result of infrequent, high intensity precipitation events comprises the bulk of groundwater recharge in arid environments. Climate change and shifts in precipitation intensity will affect groundwater continuity, thus altering groundwater recharge. This study aims to identify changes in the ratio of groundwater recharge and precipitation, the R:P ratio, in the arid southwe...

Introduction: Reverse osmosis (RO) is best known for its use in desalination (removing the salt from seawater to get fresh water), but since the early 1970s it has also been used to purify fresh water for medical, industrial, and domestic applications. The aim of this research was the performance study of reverse osmosis plants for water desalination in Bandar-Lengeh, Iran. Materials and Meth...

In a human small cell lung carcinoma cell line, GLC«,Adriamycin (ADR) resistance was induced. In the resistant cell line, GLC^ADR, a 45% decreased intracellular ADR level was found compared to GLC* but this could not fully explain the resistance. Evaluation of DNA damage in both cell lines after incubation with ADR by alkaline and neutral elution revealed single-strand breaks, DNA-protein cros...

Making potable water through desalination plants is a very important process in Iran where clean water is highly required. On the other hand, large amount of fossil fuel sources leads to the development of gas turbine power plants all over the country. Furthermore, Persian Gulf in the south and Caspian Sea in the north could be the main sources for supplying potable water in water scarcity area...

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic information on time trends of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) and ADR-related hospitalizations is scarce. Over time, pharmacotherapy has become increasingly complex. Because of raised awareness of ADR, a decrease in ADR might be expected. The aim of this study was to determine trends in ADR-related hospitalizations in the older Dutch population. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL...

With an increase in demand of freshwater and depleting water sources, it is imperative to switch to seawater as a regular source of water supply. However, due to the high total dissolved solid content, it has to be desalinated to make it drinkable. While desalination technologies have been used for many years, mass deployment of such technologies poses a number of challenges like high energy re...

Groundwater from the coastal aquifers north of Chennai is being pumped since 1981 to meet the increasing demand. Huge groundwater extracting in the coastal aquifers groundwater causes lowering of groundwater table which led to seawater intrusion. The objective of this study is to assess the behavior of this aquifer to seawater intrusion under different hydrological stresses by groundwater model...