Deglaciation in high mountain areas signifies the transition from glacial to periglacial conditioned landscapes. Due reduced melt rate of debris-covered glacier ice, these may persist long after surrounding has melted, resulting formation distinct post-glacial landforms. In this study, we examine geomorphological evolution and potential future development a 19,267 m3 ± 204 rockfall permafrost-a...

Many glaciers in high-mountain regions exhibit a debris cover that moderates their response to climatic change compared clean-ice glaciers. Studies integrate long-term observations of debris-covered glacier mass balance, velocity, surface evolution and geomorphological changes (such as ponds ice cliffs) are relatively few. This study used satellite imagery, ground-based photogrammetry bathymetr...

We develop a Bayesian model for estimating ice thickness given sparse observations coupled with estimates of surface mass balance, surface elevation change, and surface velocity. These fields are related through mass conservation. We use the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to sample from the posterior probability distribution of ice thickness for three cases: a synthetic mountain glacier, Storgla...

A method for finding a transition state (TS) between a reactant minimum and a quasi-flat, high dissociation plateau on the potential energy surface is described. The method is based on the search of a growing string (GS) along reaction pathways defined by different Newton trajectories (NT). Searches with the GS-NT method always make it possible to identify the TS region because monotonically in...

Glacier forelands are among the most rapidly changing landscapes on Earth. Stable ground is rare as geomorphic processes move sediments across large areas of glacier for decades to centuries following retreat. Yet, ecological studies sample exclusively stable terrain fulfill chronosequence criteria, thus missing potential feedbacks between disturbances and vegetation colonization. By influencin...

Abstract Supraglacial debris covers 7% of mountain glacier area globally and generally reduces surface melt. Enhanced energy absorption at ice cliffs supraglacial ponds scattered across the leads these features to contribute disproportionately glacier-wide ablation. However, degree which actually increase melt rates remains unclear, as have only been studied in a detailed manner for selected lo...

Abstract. Mountain glaciers provide us a window into past climate changes and landscape evolution, but the pattern of glacier evolution at centennial or suborbital timescale remains elusive, especially in monsoonal Himalayas. We simulated Bhutanese Himalaya (BH), typical monsoon-influenced region, during Little Ice Age (LIA) using Open Global Glacier Model driven by six paleoclimate datasets th...

Mountain glaciers and ice caps are undergoing rapid mass loss but rates of present-day changes models future projections both lack long-term (centennial-scale) context. Here, we reconstruct the maximum glacier extent surface Jostedalsbreen, which is largest in mainland Europe, during Little Ice Age (LIA) ∼ 1740 to 1860. The LIA ice-covered area was 568 km2 volume between 61 km3 91 km3. We show ...