Suspensions of leishmanias from the spleen of hamsters infected with Leishmania donovani were placed in culture flasks and incubated at 37 degrees C. In a medium of human erythrocyte extract and human serum there appeared within a day or two aflagellate forms resembling leishmanias but larger, as well as other aflagellate forms more nearly resembling rounded leptomonads. These intermediate form...

BACKGROUND Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is accepted as a surrogate biochemical marker for retinol to determine vitamin A (VA) status. A recently developed enzyme immunoassay for RBP uses serum or whole blood stored as dried blood spots (DBS). However, the stability of RBP in DBS has not been examined. METHODS RBP stability was studied in a laboratory and in field conditions in northern Kenya...

Muscle development and growth were investigated in haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.) incubated under controlled temperatures (4, 6, 8 degrees C) and reared post-hatch through yolk-dependent and exogenous-feeding stages in a 6 degrees C post-hatch environment. Changes in cell number and size in superficial and deep myotomes within the epaxial muscle were investigated for 28 days follo...

Defects in articular cartilage are often repaired with fresh osteochondral grafts. While fresh allografts provide viable chondrocytes, logistic limitations require surgical implantation within seven days of graft harvest. Here, we provide information on cold preservation of whole intact osteochondral materials that retains cartilage cell viability and function, and histologic and biochemical in...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of warming lignocaine on the pain associated with subcutaneous injection. DESIGN Double blind, randomised, crossover study. SETTING Hospital clinic. SUBJECTS 40 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS Subcutaneous injection with 1 ml of 1% lignocaine at 20 degrees C and 1 ml of 1% lignocaine at 37 degrees C. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pain assessed by linear a...