Enzymatic fuel cells use enzymes to produce energy from bioavailable substrates. However, such biofuel cells are limited by the difficult electrical wiring of enzymes to the electrode. Here we show the efficient wiring of enzymes in a conductive pure carbon nanotube matrix for the fabrication of a glucose biofuel cell (GBFC). Glucose oxidase and laccase were respectively incorporated in carbon ...

Glucose had long been thought to fuel oxidative metabolism in active neurons until the recently proposed astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis (ANLSH) challenged this view. According to the ANLSH, activity-induced uptake of glucose takes place predominantly in astrocytes, which metabolize glucose anaerobically. Lactate produced from anaerobic glycolysis in astrocytes is then released from...

Maximum Power Point (MPP) tracker has an important role in the performance of fuel cell (FC) systems improvement. Tow parameters which have effect on the Fuel cell output power are temperature and membrane water. So contents make the MPP change by with variations in each parameter. In this paper, a new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is pr...

The AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) senses the energy status of cells and regulates fuel availability, whereas hypothalamic AMPK regulates food intake. We report that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) regulates glucose signaling to AMPK in a pathway whereby glucose activates phosphorylation of IPMK at tyrosine 174 enabling the enzyme to bind to AMPK and regulate its activation. Thus, refeed...

Objective(s): Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and apoptosis have key roles in pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. There are local renin-angiotensin systems (RASs) in different tissues such as neural tissue. Local RASs are involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of local renin-angioten...

Neurons use glucose to fuel glycolysis and provide substrates for mitochondrial respiration, but neurons can also use alternative fuels that bypass glycolysis and feed directly into mitochondria. To determine whether neuronal pacemaking depends on active glucose metabolism, we switched the metabolic fuel from glucose to alternative fuels, lactate or β-hydroxybutyrate, while monitoring the spont...

Tumor cells are metabolically reprogrammed to fuel cell proliferation. Most transformed cells take up high levels of glucose and produce ATP through aerobic glycolysis. In cells exhibiting aerobic glycolysis, a significant fraction of glucose carbon is also directed into de novo lipogenesis and nucleotide biosynthesis. The glucose-responsive transcription factor carbohydrate responsive element ...

THE ENERGETICS OF NEURON-ASTROCYTE interactions during brain activation is an exciting but controversial topic because the idea that lactate might be a significant supplemental fuel challenges the long-held consensus that brain is strictly dependent on glucose as its obligatory fuel. Thus a “cellular menu” comprised of “sweet and sour food for thought” could be envisaged in which the traditiona...

There is an ever-increasing scientific interest for the interplay between cell's environment and the aging process. Although it is known that calorie restriction affects longevity, the exact molecular mechanisms through which nutrients influence various cell signalling/modulators of lifespan remain a largely unresolved issue. Among nutrients, glucose constitutes an evolutionarily stable, precio...

Microbial fuel cells convert the chemical energy conserved in organic matter wastewater directly to electrical through living microorganisms. These devices are environmentally friendly thanks their ability simultaneously produce and treatment. The output power of yeast microbial cell (YMFC) depends mainly on glucose concentration glucose/yeast ratio. Thus, paper aims boost YMFC by identifying b...