BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transient ischemic attack (TIA) diagnosis is frequently difficult in clinical practice. Noncerebrovascular symptoms are often misclassified as TIA by nonspecialist physicians. Clinical prediction rules such as ABCD(2) improve the identification of patients with TIA at high risk of early stroke. We hypothesized that the ABCD(2) score may partly improve risk stratification ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The ABCD(2) score is able to predict the short-term risk of stroke after a transient ischemic attack/minor stroke. We aimed to explore its predictive value for long-term recurrent stroke. METHODS Consecutive patients with a transient ischemic attack/minor stroke, hospitalized during a 2-year period, were followed up to document any further stroke and death stratified by...

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BACKGROUND The diagnosis of Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) can be difficult and 50-60% of patients seen in TIA clinics turn out to be mimics. Many of these mimics have high ABCD2 scores and fill urgent TIA clinic slots inappropriately. A TIA diagnostic tool may help non-specialists make the diagnosis with greater accuracy and improve TIA clinic triage. The only available diagnostic score (Daw...

From this study and another in the United Kingdom, the ABCD2 score was developed [Age greater than 60 (one point), Blood pressure 140/90 mmHg or greater (one point), clinical feature of unilateral weakness (two points) or speech impairment without weakness (one point), Duration greater than 60 minutes (two points) or ten to 59 minutes (one point), and Diabetes (one point)]. Scores greater than ...

OBJECTIVE Many guidelines recommend emergency assessment for patients with ≥2 TIAs within 7 days, perhaps in recognition of the capsular warning syndrome. However, it is unclear whether all patients with multiple TIAs are at high early risk of stroke and whether treatable underlying pathologies are more prevalent in this group. METHODS We studied clinical characteristics, Trial of Org 10172 i...

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is associated with a high 90-day risk of stroke. Recently, tools for identifying and triaging high-risk patients, rapid medical management, and access to specialist care have led to improved outcomes. One such tool, the age, blood pressure, clinical features, duration of transient ischemic attack, diabetes mellitus (ABCD2) score, uses clinical data to stratify pa...

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited metabolic disorder of the nervous system characterized by axonopathy in spinal cords and/or cerebral demyelination, adrenal insufficiency and accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in plasma and tissues. The disease is caused by malfunction of the ABCD1 gene, which encodes a peroxisomal transporter of VLCFAs or VLCFA-CoA. In th...

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding the peroxisomal ABC transporter adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP). X-ALD is characterized by the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA; > or =C24) in plasma and tissues. In this manuscript we provide insight into the pathway underlying the elevated levels of C26:0 in X-ALD. ALDP transports VLC...

Studies with purified subcellular organelles from rat liver indicate that nervonic acid (C24:1) is beta-oxidized preferentially in peroxisomes. Lack of effect by etomoxir, inhibitor of mitochondrial beta-oxidation, on beta-oxidation of lignoceric acid (C24:0), a peroxisomal function, and that of nervonic acid (24:1) compared to the inhibition of palmitic acid (16:0) oxidation, a mitochondrial f...