Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein with NADH oxidase activity that has a vital function in healthy cells but is also an important mediator of caspase-independent programmed cell death in stressed and damaged cells. Here, we generated a truncated AIF derivative (AIF(Delta100)) that lacks the mitochondrial import signal of the protein. Bacterially expressed AIF(Delta1...

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs, or neutrophils) are critical for human innate immunity and kill most invading bacteria. However, pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus avoid destruction by PMNs to survive, thereby causing human infections. The molecular mechanisms used by pathogens to circumvent killing by the immune system remain largely undefined. To that end, we studied S. aureus pathog...

– in this paper we consider some (α ,β ) -metrics such as generalized kropina, matsumoto and f (α β )2α = + metrics, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for them to be einstein metrics when βis a constant killing form. then we prove with this assumption that the mentioned einstein metrics must beriemannian or ricci flat.

9 15 36 Nerve center: I told the neurologist, 'I'm having a stroke. These are my symptoms.' I wasn't all upset about it. Needle and the damage done: In my 25 years of doing substance abuse research here I've never seen anything like this… Age old question: How old is your skeleton? It seems like a simple question. As old as you are, right? Not exactly. In this edition of Vital Signs, we tackle ...

Antigen-specific killing ability of effector CD8+ T cells is critical for protective immunity against infection. Here, we describe in vivo cytotoxic T cell assay to examine effector function of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) expressing chicken ovalbumin as a model antigen mount ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Effector CD8+ T...

Tumor cell killing utilizing hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) phototherapy was studied in a murine tumor model to assess the relative importance of intratumor temperature in causing the tumoricidal effect. Temperature measurements and tumor killing without HPD strongly suggest that HPD phototherapy as reported previously by other workers has at least partially a hyperthermic effect. Also, it is...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none fa background: electroencephalography (eeg) has vital and significant applications in different medical fields and is used for the primary evaluation of neurological disorders. hence, having easy access to suitable and useful signal is very important. artifacts are undesirable confusions which are generally originated from inevitable human activities such...

the study of toxicities which are caused by free radical inducing chemicals (e.g., carbon tetrachloride), helps to determine the mode of action of those important drugs which act by inhibiting free radicals. evaluation of toxicities induced by carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbitone administration was carried out in seventy healthy male rabbits. each animal received cci4 0.25-0.5 ml/kg body wei...