background: motherhood is a transformative and pleasing experience in a woman’s life. however, given the physical and psychological changes, it can induce a degree of stress and anxiety in mothers. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive-behavioral stress management (cbsm) on maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy and newborns’ apgar scores. methods: this...

A common situation in the evaluation of intervention programs is the researcher's possibility to rely on two waves of data only (i.e., pretest and posttest), which profoundly impacts on his/her choice about the possible statistical analyses to be conducted. Indeed, the evaluation of intervention programs based on a pretest-posttest design has been usually carried out by using classic statistica...

the aim of this study was to assess the effect of external focus of attention instruction during walking training on old women’s gait kinematic parameters including stride length, velocity, variability of velocity, cadence and double support percent. for this purpose, 16 old women (mean age 69.8+4 years) were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group 8 subjec...

background: in the present era, delinquency in children and adolescents is undoubtedly a difficult and upsetting issue attracting the attention of many experts such as psychologists, sociologists, and criminologists. these experts often try to answer why a number of children and adolescents engage in various crimes such as aggressive and anti-social crimes. they also try to find out how these c...

CONTEXT A dynamic-balance-training (DBT) program supplemented with the Graston instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization (GISTM) technique has not been evaluated collectively as a treatment in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI). OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of GISTM in conjunction with a DBT program on outcomes associated with CAI, including pain and disability, range of mot...

BACKGROUND In the present era, delinquency in children and adolescents is undoubtedly a difficult and upsetting issue attracting the attention of many experts such as psychologists, sociologists, and criminologists. These experts often try to answer why a number of children and adolescents engage in various crimes such as aggressive and anti-social crimes. They also try to find out how these cr...

Several studies have shown that therapists are generally biased concerning their performed helping skills, as compared to judges' ratings. As clients' ratings of therapists' performance are better predictors of psychotherapy effectiveness than judges' ratings, this study examined the validity and effectiveness of a helping skills training program at reducing novice helpers' self-enhancement bia...