introduction: now a day, resulting from life style modification and alteration, fatigue, as a consequence, is not uncommon symptom. diverse tools are available to measure fatigue status. one of which is functional assessment of chronic illness treatment (facit) fatigue scale. the facit is one of the most widely used questionnaires for screening fatigue. the questionnaire has been translated and...

ôbjective: type d personality is based on negative affectivity (nâ) and social inhibition (sï). the purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the persian version of 14-item type d personality scale (ds14). methods: the study included 191 normal participants and 176 patients with myocardial infarction (mï). they all filled out the persian version of ds14, containing 7-...

Although studies on pragmatics in general and politeness in particular abound in the literature, impoliteness has been largely ignored. In the present study, participants filled out either the Persian or English version of a discourse completion test (DCT). The researchers analyzed collected answers to discover the relationship between impoliteness and power. Furthermore, the researchers compar...

background:  oxford shoulder score is a specific 12-item patient-reported tool for evaluation of patients with inflammatory and degenerative disorders of the shoulder. since its introduction, it has been translated and culturally adapted in some western and eastern countries. the aim of this study was to translate the oxford shoulder score (oss) in persian and to test its validity and reliabili...

a bstra ct      background: the purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of persian version of the 25-item caring dimension inventory (cdi-25). materials and methods: a psychometric instrument validation study was designed. content validity, internal consistency, and stability were confirmed. a total of 288 participants (143 nurses and 145 nurs...