Early resistance to pathogens requires a swift response from NK cells. In 1989, Giorgio Trinchieri identified an NK growth factor and activator, later called interleukin-12 (IL-12). This discovery helped reveal the regulatory link between innate and adaptive immunity.

Follicular T-to-be Helper T (Th) cell identity may not be for life. According to a pair of studies from Zaretsky et al. (page 991) and King and Mohrs (page 1001), Th2 cells can turn into follicular T cells when duty calls. Many immunologists consider each Th cell subset to be its own distinct class. The same is true of follicular T cells, CD4 + cells found in the B cell follicles and germinal c...

On a warm, dark evening in early October, I had the privilege of finding myself in Pretoria, South Africa with a group of nurse colleagues from many southern African nations, listening as various leaders brought messages of greetings before we were to share dinner. The minister of health had fallen ill that day and was replaced at the last minute by her director general. The minister’s illness ...

Copyright: © 2013 Chan SSK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The term “master regulator” or “master regulatory gene” was first coined by Susumu Ohno over 30 years ago for a “gene that occ...

A Master Equation provides a complete probabilistic description of the dynamics of stochastic processes. We give a master equation for a small stochastic process algebra (a subset of CCS with interaction rates). We show that it is equivalent to the standard Chemical Master Equation, connecting our process algebra to the stochastic chemistry of unary and binary reactions.