It has been shown that the perception of contrast-defined motion (i.e., a second-order stimulus) at high temporal frequencies cannot be explained solely by global distortion products (i.e., luminance artifacts due to preprocessing nonlinearities) processed by the first-order system. However, previous studies rejecting the first-order pathway hypothesis have assumed that the preprocessing nonlin...

Defining the exact mechanisms by which the brain processes visual objects and scenes remains an unresolved challenge. Valuable clues to this process have emerged from the demonstration that clusters of neurons (‘‘modules’’) in inferior temporal cortex apparently respond selectively to specific categories of visual stimuli, such as places/scenes. However, the higher-order ‘‘category-selective’’ ...

contrary to the long period ground motions that can be predicted and estimated, high frequency ground motions have random character and behave stochastically. stochastic modeling methods are usually used for the modeling of high frequency ground motions where there are not strong ground motion records. stochastic methods are of two kinds: in the first one, the seismic source is considered as a ...

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of various combinations of burst and carrier frequencies of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on subjects' perception of pain intensity associated with induction of high intensity muscle contractions. Twenty-seven healthy volunteers completed the study. After the initial test session, all subjects were treated in three additional ses...

In this paper, we propose embedding RFID tags in trees in a forest to track hikers. Hikers are equipped with RFID readers, which read from and write to tags. Specifically, as a hiker moves through the forest, his/her reader leaves his/her ID and increasing sequence numbers (SNs) in tags. This creates a digital trail that allows the hiker to backtrack his/her route. That is, when the hiker decid...

The problem of deterministic planning, i.e., of finding a sequence of actions leading from a given initial state to a goal, is one of the most basic and well studied problems in artificial intelligence. Two of the best known approaches to deterministic planning are the black box approach, in which a programmer implements a successor generator, and the modelbased approach, in which a user descri...

In this paper, we investigate the reconstruction of networks based on priori structure information by Element Elimination Method (EEM). We firstly generate four types synthetic as small-world networks, random regular and Apollonian networks. Then, randomly delete a fraction links in original Finally, employ EEM, resource allocation (RA) structural perturbation method (SPM) to reconstruct with 9...