The presence of antibiotics in water resources has been disturbing news for the stakeholders who are responsible for public health and the drinking water supply. In many cases, biological wastewater treatment plants are the final opportunity in the water cycle to trap these substances. The sensitivity of activated sludge bacteria to erythromycin, a macrolide widely used in human medicine was in...

BACKGROUND We previously reported that the immunogenicity of Hcβtre, a botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) immunogen, was enhanced by fusion to an epithelial cell binding domain, Ad2F, when nasally delivered to mice with cholera toxin (CT). This study was performed to determine if Ad2F would enhance the nasal immunogenicity of Hcβtre in rabbits, an animal model with a nasal cavity anatomy similar t...

5. Trampel DW, Zhou E-M, Yoon K-J, Koehler KJ. Detection of antibodies in serum and egg yolk following infection of chickens with an H6N2 avian influenza virus. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2006;18:437–42. 6. Krauss S, Obert CA, Franks J, Walker D, Jones K, Seiler P, et al. Influenza in migratory birds and evidence of limited intercontinental virus exchange. PLoS Pathog. 2007;3:e167. DOI: 10.1371/journa...

Krim alas bedak adalah jenis riasan dekoratif, yang biasanya mengandung bahan tabir surya. Dibenzalaseton merupakan salah satu agen surya organik potensial. Dalam krim tipe minyak dalam air, tingkat pemulihan fase tidak selalu meningkat bahkan jika konsentrasinya tinggi. Namun, menggunakan kombinasi dua pengemulsi, seperti span 80 dan tween 80, optimal mungkin solusi tepat. Penelitian ini bertu...

The fraction in which direct contact occurs between micellar-phase phenanthrene and the bacterial cell surface was estimated by measuring the toxicity of nonionic surfactant (Tween 80 and Triton X-100) solutions to the phenanthrene-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas putida P2. Cell viability of completely dissolved phenanthrene decreased by 30% at concentrations greater than 0.3 mg L(-1), which i...

The activities of OPT-80 against 453 intestinal bacteria were compared with those of seven other drugs. OPT-80 showed good activity against most clostridia, staphylococci, and enterococci, but streptococci, aerobic and facultative gram-negative rods, anaerobic gram-negative rods, and Clostridium ramosum were resistant. Poor activity against anaerobic gram-negative rods may maintain colonization...