It has been demonstrated that when isolated chloroplasts are illuminated in the presence of aqueous solutions of certain oxidants, oxygen evolution occurs (2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13). Provided stoichiometric relationships between the reactants and products prevail, the reaction rate can be measured in terms of oxygen production or in terms of changes in the concentration of whatever other molecular or ...

Most of previous papers in the field of dye removal used one dye or dyes with nearly separate spectra that simplifies dyes concentration determination by Beer's law at different λmax. In many real situations, dyes with highly overlapped spectra exist and their concentrations can be determined by multivariate analysis methods. In this study, principal component-wavelet neural network (PC-WNN) wa...

In an effort to discover novel and potential boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes, the title compound, C(19)H(18)BF(2)N(3)O(2), was prepared from 2,4-dimethyl-pyrrole, 4-nitro-benzaldehyde and BF(3)·Et(2)O in a one-pot reaction. There are two independent mol-ecules, A and B, in the asymmetric unit in which the dihedral angles between the benzene ring and boron-dipyrromethene mean plane have signi...

The use of nucleic acid staining with a fluorochrome dye to differentiate viable and dead (heat-killed) Cryptosporidium oocysts was assessed. The specificities (percentage of unstained viable oocysts) and sensitivities (percentage of stained dead oocysts) of the seven tested dyes (SYTO-17® and SYTO-59® to 64®) ranged from 65 to 76% (average 71%) and 83 to 95% (average 91%), respectively. SYTO-5...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used in this work to obtain highly detailed spectra of artists’ red lake pigments and colorants. In the past, Raman spectroscopy has been successfully employed to identify many pigments and modern synthetic dyes. Unfortunately, red lake pigments and dyes commonly employed in artistic production from antiquity to the mid-nineteenth century are often...

Before the First World War, almost all dyes were applied from solution in an aqueous dyebath to substrates such as cotton, wool, silk and other natural fibres. However, the introduction of a man-made fibre, cellulose acetate, with its inherent hydrophobic nature, created a situation where very few of the available dyes had affinity for the new fibre. Water-soluble anionic dyes had little substa...

Introduction: Several new bifunctional reactive dyes of the Sumifix Supra range that carry monochlorotriazine and sulphato ethyl sulphone reactive systems were developed and their dyeing performance studied. Suitable characteristic properties and fastness properties were examined over the knitted cotton fabrics. The dyes were characterized by spectral data and elemental analysis. The dyes struc...

To optimize live cell fluorescence imaging, the choice of fluorescent substrate is a critical factor. Although genetically encoded fluorescent proteins have been used widely, chemical fluorescent dyes are still useful when conjugated to proteins or ligands. However, little information is available for the suitability of different fluorescent dyes for live imaging. We here systematically analyze...

The selective bacteriostatic effect of triphenylmethane dyes has long been known. It has been found by several authors (Churchman, 1928, and others) that these dyes used in gram staining also inhibit the growth of the grampositive microorganisms. The relations between bacteriostatic power and chemical structure of these dyes were studied by Browning and Gilmour (1913), Kligler (1918), Fairbroth...