T his year marks the 60th anniversary of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that ended World War II. Whatever the historical circumstances at the time, the bombings were tragic experiences for the cities and for the many who sustained severe blast, heat, and radiation injuries. The horrifying consequences prompted efforts to control nuclear arms proliferation, an issue that still rem...

Prediction of drug–drug interactions due to cytochrome P450 isoform 3A4 (CYP3A4) overexpression is important because this CYP isoform is involved in the metabolism of about 30% of clinically used drugs from almost all therapeutic categories. Therefore, it is mandatory to attempt to predict the potential of a new compound to induce CYP3A4. Among several in vitro–in vivo extrapolation methods rec...

a Information, Evidence and Research Cluster; Member of the WHO Ethics Review Committee. World Health Organization, 20 avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Correspondence to Michel Thieren (e-mail: [email protected]). b Institut d’éthique biomédicale, Centre médical universitaire, Université de Genève, Switzerland. doi: 10.2471/BLT.07.045443 This month marks sixty years since the Nuremberg...

Topical drug delivery is defined as the application of pharmaceutical dosage form to the skin for direct treatment of cutaneous disorder or the cutaneous manifestation of the general disease, with the intent of confining the pharmacological or other effect of the drug to the surface of the skin. Topical drug delivery systems include a large variety of pharmaceutical dosage form like semisolids,...

tuberculosis remains as an important socioeconomical and medical problem throughout the world and especially in iran. early and timely diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis is vital to initiate prompt treatment. current diagnostic methods are either slow or lack enough sensitivity or specificity. several mycobacterial antigens are involved in the complex interaction with the im...