The ratio of the length of the second digit (2D) to the length of the fourth digit (4D) is greater in women than in men. Since androgens are involved in most somatic sex differences and since the sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D is stable from 2 years of age in humans, it was hypothesized that finger length pattern development might be affected by early androgen exposure. Human females with congenita...

Psychology and personality of individuals may have implications for choice of, and performance in sports disciplines. Individual- and group sports differ in psychological requirements, such as, competitiveness, sensation seeking and risk taking attitude, often required in sports. There is sex difference in human in these qualities, which also show association with prenatal testosterone exposure...

PURPOSE To quantify the type, frequency, and magnitude of artifacts in four-dimensional (4D) CT images acquired using a multislice cine method. METHODS AND MATERIALS Fifty consecutive patients who underwent 4D-CT scanning and radiotherapy for thoracic or abdominal cancers were included in this study. All the 4D-CT scans were performed on the GE multislice PET/CT scanner with the Varian Real-t...

We show that a self-tuning mechanism of the cosmological constant could work in 5D non-compact space with Z 2 symmetry with scalar kinetic energy term. The standard model matter fields live only on the 4 dimensional (4D) brane. The change of vacuum energy on the brane (brane cosmological constant) by, for instance, electroweak and QCD phase transitions, just gives rise to dynamical shifts of th...

In this paper, we proposed a new method to detect 4D spatiotemporal interest point called 4D-ISIP(4 dimension implicit surface interest point). We implicitly represent the 3D scene by 3D volume which has a truncated signed distance function (TSDF) in every voxel. The TSDF represents the distance between the spatial point and object surface which is a kind of implicit surface representation. The...

It has been shown that a smaller ratio between the length of the second and fourth digit (2D:4D) is an indicator of the exposure to prenatal testosterone (T). This study measured the 2D:4D of men and assessed dominance as a personality trait to investigate indirectly if the exposure to prenatal T is related to a dominant personality later in life. Results showed that men had a more aggressive d...

In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of jointly inverting 4D gravity data collected on the surface and in a borehole setting to characterize fluid contact movement over time. As technology rapidly advances towards a practical borehole gravity meter capable of collecting data in horizontal monitoring wells, the foundations for properly inverting and interpreting these valuable data must...

The ratio between 2nd (index) and 4th (ring) finger lengths (2D:4D) has been proposed to be negatively correlated to prenatal testosterone exposure in humans (Manning, 2002). Evidence for this phenomenon has come from findings of differences between males and females, masculinized 2D:4D in individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (a condition which produces elevated prenatal testosterone...

4D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and 3D pharmacophore models were built and investigated for cytotoxicity using a training set of 25 lamellarins against human hormone dependent T47D breast cancer cells. Receptor-independent (RI) 4D QSAR models were first constructed from the exploration of eight possible receptor-binding alignments for the entire training set. Since the tr...

In this study, we compared the registration effectiveness of 4D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D-CBCT for image-guided radiotherapy in 20 Stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Patients underwent 4D-CBCT and 3D-CBCT immediately before radiotherapy, and the X-ray Volume Imaging software system was used for image registration. We performed automatic bone registration and...