Increasing wildfire activity in the Alaskan Arctic may result in new sources of black carbon (BC) to arctic watersheds. Black carbon, primarily comprised of condensed aromatics, is one of the most chemically recalcitrant fractions of organic carbon. However, lateral transfer of particulate and dissolved BC from soils to sunlit surface waters is increasingly suggested to result in the photochemi...

this article presents the application of two algorithms: heuristic big bang-big crunch (hbb-bc) and a heuristic particle swarm ant colony optimization (hpsaco) to discrete optimization of reinforced concrete planar frames subject to combinations of gravity and lateral loads based on aci 318-08 code. the objective function is the total cost of the frame which includes the cost of concrete, formw...

granymeh is a functional cytotoxic serine protease of nk cell granules,which expands the cell death-inducing repertoire of innate immune system.the purpose of this study was to determine granymeh(gzmh)level in breast cancer(bc) and healty women.this study was performed on 30 patients with bc and 30 healty woman.gzmh and estrogen levels were measured in cancer patients  and healty women subseque...

Measurements of black carbon (BC) concentration have long been uncertain. Neither a BC standard or a technique that provides a reliable measurement of BC exist, which precludes the evaluation and optimization of BC measurement methods. In this manuscript, we describe the generation of BC particles (mass absorption efficiency 8.5m g 1 and single scattering albedo 0.2 at 530 nm) using an inverted...

Optically transparent membranes from bacterial cellulose (BC)/polycaprolactone (PCL) have been prepared by impregnation of PCL acetone solution into dried BC membranes. UV-Vis measurements showed an increase on transparency in BC/PCL membrane when compared with pristine BC. The good transparency of the BC/PCL can be related to the presence of BC nanofibers associated with deposit of PCL nano-si...

Vanessa Wiggermann, Lisa E. Lee, Enedino Hernández Torres, David K.B. Li, Alex L. MacKay, Irene M. Vavasour, Anthony Traboulsee, and Alexander Rauscher Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, UBC MRI Research Centre, Vancouver, B...

P. Kozlowski, S. D. Chang, E. C. Jones, R. Meng, N. Buchan, and S. L. Goldenberg UBC MRI Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Radiology, Univeristy of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Univeristy of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Urologic Sciences, Univeristy of British Columbia, Vancouver, ...

Pattern / Normalization Resources •1–4 digit years • “BC/AD” phrases Rules •several modifications and new rules • rules with explicit “BC/AD” phrases • rules without “BC/AD” phrases Normalization Strategies •calculations for relative and underspecified expressions •disambiguation of 2-digit years •expressions without “BC/AD” phrases ∗preliminary normalized to AD dates ∗ if explicit BC dates in ...

The sectoral and regional contributions from northern hemisphere anthropogenic and biomass burning emission sectors to black carbon (BC) distributions over the continental United States (CONUS) in summer 2008 are studied using the Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM). North American (NA) emissions heavily (>70% of total emissions) affect the BC levels from the surface tow5 km, while non...