The structures of three salts derived from clozapine, 8-chloro-11-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine, are reported, namely, clo-za-pin-ium 3,5-di-nitro-benzoate dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate, C18H20ClN4 (+)·C7H3N2O6 (-)·C2H6OS, (I), where the dimethyl sulfoxide component is disordered over two sets of atomic sites having occupancies 0.627 (2) and 0.373 (2); clo-za-pin-ium ...

BACKGROUND Ukraine has experienced an increase in injection drug use since the 1990s. An increase in HIV and hepatitis C virus infections has followed, but not measures of prevalence and risk factors. The purposes of this study are to estimate the prevalence of HIV, HCV, and co-infection among injection drug users (IDUs) in central Ukraine and to describe risk factors for HIV and HCV. METHODS...

Uptake by the dopamine transporter (DAT) is the primary pathway for the clearance of extracellular dopamine (DA) and consequently for regulating the magnitude and duration of dopaminergic signaling. Amphetamine (AMPH) has been shown to decrease simultaneously DAT cell-surface expression and [(3)H]DA uptake. We have shown that insulin and its subsequent signaling through the phosphatidylinositol...

Drugs that antagonize D2-like receptors are effective antipsychotics, but the debilitating movement disorder side effects associated with these drugs cannot be dissociated from dopamine receptor blockade. The "atypical" antipsychotics have a lower propensity to cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), but the molecular basis for this is not fully understood nor is the impact of inverse agonism upon...

Systematically synthesized derivatives of ML-9, 1-(5-chloronaphthalenesulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine, were found to inhibit both Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent and -independent smooth muscle myosin light chain kinases with a similar concentration dependence, and their inhibitions were of the competitive type with respect to ATP. Moreover, ML-9 as well as ATP or ADP exhibited an effective prote...

The possible contribution of Ca2+-activated Cl- channel [I(Cl(Ca))] and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) to nonadrenergic, noncholinergic slow inhibitory junction potentials (sIJP) was studied using conventional intracellular microelectrode recordings in circular smooth muscle of opossum esophageal body and guinea pig ileum perfused with Krebs solution containing atropine (3 microM), guanethidi...

The anthranilic scaffold plays an important role as a pharmacophore and toxophore in medicinal and agricultural chemistry and contributes to a variety of biological activities [1 – 9]. Although ring-closure reactions of N-unsubstituted anthranilic acid derivates have been extensively elaborated, investigations towards the corresponding chemistry of N-alkyl(aryl)-anthranilic acids remained fragm...