We present a group of methods for decomposing an arbitrary 3D volume rotation into a sequence of simple shear (i.e., regular shift) operations. We explore different types of shear operations: 2D beam shear, a shear in one coordinate based on the other two coordinates; 2D slice shear, a shear of a volume slice (in two coordinates) according to the third coordinate; and 2D slice–beam shear, the c...

Developing accurate wall functions for LES is a great challenge. This is indeed also the case also for RANS. It can be argued that it should be easier to develop accurate wall functions for LES than for RANS. In a well-resolved LES using wall functions, the task of the wall function is to give an instantaneous wall shear stress; this does probably not need to be exactly correct. Compare with in...

A study was conducted for the flexural retrofit of an old apartment house composed a reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall structure. For wall, vertical performed to both ends targeting slender improve performance. The materials were steel plate, epoxy, and non-shrink grout, they connected existing using post-installed chemical anchors. at broken retrofitted as much necessary maintain wall’s leng...

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of radial motion of an arterial wall on the shear stress that flowing blood imposes on the wall (wall shear stress). Wall shear stress is known to influence endothelial cell function and may play a role in atherogenesis, but its magnitude and distribution in the circulation are not well understood. To simulate arterial wall motion, we use...

BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture are believed to be associated with mechanical stress conditions. In this paper, patient-specific in vivo intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) coronary plaque image data were used to construct computational models with fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and cyclic bending to investigate correlations between plaque wall thickness and both flow s...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hemodynamics is often recognized as one of the major factors in aneurysm rupture. Flow impingement, greater pressure, and abnormal wall shear stress are all indications for aneurysm rupture. Characterizing wall shear stress for intracranial aneurysms at similar anatomic locations may help in understanding its role. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six intracranial aneurysms...

PURPOSE Restenosis due to distal anastomotic intimal hyperplasia, a leading cause of arterial bypass graft failure, is thought to be promoted by hemodynamic effects, specifically 'abnormal' wall shear stress patterns. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of flow waveform on peri-anastomotic flow and wall shear stress patterns. METHODS Blood flow and wall shear stress patterns...

The role of hemodynamics on platelet thrombus formation was studied in venules and arterioles of the rat mesentery. Thrombus formation was induced by the fluorescent dye/light method for examination of the following factors: 1) the effect of wall shear rate on thrombus initiation, 2) the effect of wall shear rate on the growth of thrombi, and 3) the relation between platelet thrombus initiation...

This study proposes a new arrangement-tuning method to maximize the potential of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) in decreasing seismic responses tall buildings. The relies on Grammian-based entropy index with physical meaning covariance white noise without involvement external inputs. A twelve-story RC frame-shear wall building was used as an example illustrate method. Indices were computed for TMDs ...

In this study, the effect of deep excavation on the seismic response of RC moment resisting building systems has been studied. Deep excavation can cause significant changes in the stress and strain levels of soil environment and also changes in the propagation of seismic waves. This leads to permanent displacements in the foundation system. In this study, three RC building systems, i.e. 5, 10, ...