The release of genetically engineered apple trees raises the question of their potential environmental impact, and the transfer via pollen of transgenes to cross-compatible cultivars of Malus domestica and Malus species is deemed to be the greatest source for environmental exposure. The hybrid TNR 31-35, a descendant of Malus sieversii var. sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana, carrying a homozygous, do...

Genetic diversity and spatial structure of a young planted Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) stand, localized in the Giant Mts. near Špindlerův Mlýn, was investigated. Average tree height was 15.1 m, average diameter at breast height was 245 mm. The spatial distribution of trees was random. Spruce branches of all trees in the selected part of the stand were sampled in order to accomplish isozy...

As drought-induced tree defoliation and mortality (i.e. decline) in the Mediterranean is expected to worsen with ongoing climate change, it of paramount importance understand how, why, when decline affects soil respiration (Rs). We carried out a novel study exploring interacting effects climatic variability season year) on water content (SWC), temperature (Tsoil), Rs temporal holm oak woodland....

This study was carried out for the isolation and identification of Avibacterium paragallinarum, the etiological agent of infectious coryza (IC). Pathological changes were also investigated that occurred in organs in layer chickens obtained from some selected areas of Bangladesh. A nasal swabs (n=30) from dead chickens and four swabs from live chickens were collected aseptically. The organisms f...

the non-destructive meyer method was evaluated to determine the bark volume of beech (fagus orientalis lipsky) stands in north of iran. the sample size was 185 standing trees collected from 4 geographical aspects (north, south, west and east) aspects. the constant k values and bark thickness (2e mm) of 185 standing trees were used to calculate the bark volume by the meyer method. in this study,...

The use of nucleic acid staining with a fluorochrome dye to differentiate viable and dead (heat-killed) Cryptosporidium oocysts was assessed. The specificities (percentage of unstained viable oocysts) and sensitivities (percentage of stained dead oocysts) of the seven tested dyes (SYTO-17® and SYTO-59® to 64®) ranged from 65 to 76% (average 71%) and 83 to 95% (average 91%), respectively. SYTO-5...

Bark beetle outbreaks are responsible for the loss of large areas forests and in recent years they appear to be increasing frequency magnitude as a result climate change. The aim this study is develop new standardized methodology automatic detection degree damage on single fir trees caused by bark attacks using simple GIS-based model. classification approach based tree canopy defoliation observ...