A simple and rapid method has been developed for testing bacterial endotoxin in hyaluronic acid (HA)-based medical devices. High-molecular-weight HA (HMW HA) in solution or HA-based medical devices was digested by the enzyme hyaluronidase to reduce solution viscosity by truncating the long chains of HA and to test for bacterial endotoxin. The bacterial endotoxin level was detected and measured ...

Reference antisera were produced against 15 influenza hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes using DNA vaccination to produce a high-quality polyclonal serum to the HA protein without antibodies to other influenza viral proteins. The HA gene from each of 15 different HA subtypes of influenza virus was cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector and injected intramuscularly, together with a cationic lipid, ...

We determined the tissue distribution of 7 human minor histocompatibility (H) Ag. Each of these Ag is defined by one or more MHC class I-restricted CTL clones, previously generated from PBL primed against minor H Ag by HLA-identical bone marrow transplantation (BMT). CTL-mediated lysis of tissue-derived cells and cultured cell lines was used as an in vitro assay for minor H Ag expression of sev...

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been a treatment modality for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) for many years now. Since HA was first introduced for the treatment of painful knee OA, much has been elucidated regarding both the etiology of this disease and the mechanisms by which HA may mitigate joint pain and tissue destruction. The objectives of this article are to (1) describe the etiology and...

Fresh water supply and its security encounter a high level of fluctuating variability under global climate changes. To address these concerns in catchment water management, a good understanding of land use/cover impacts on the hydrological cycle affecting water supply is crucial. The objective of this study is to define a model to investigate the impact of existing land use/cover on water yield...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers many secondary changes in tissue biology, which ultimately determine the extent of injury and clinical outcome. Hyaluronan [hyaluronic acid (HA)] is a protective cementing gel present in the intercellular spaces whose degradation has been reported as a causative factor in tissue damage. Yet little is known about the expression and activities of genes involv...

As an advanced oxidation process, the combination of sonolysis (US)/ozonolysis (O(3)) was investigated on the treatment of tannic acid (TA) and humic acid (HA). In this study, biodegradable chemicals were found by the molecular weight and GC-MS analysis method, and mineralization rate and synergetic effects were also studied. For the water samples prior to the treatment of US/O(3), ratios of mo...

This study concerns the preparation, physical, and in vitro characterization of two different types of hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres, which are intended to be used as drug-delivery systems and bone-regeneration matrices. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-1 and HA-2) were prepared using the chemical precipitation synthesis with H(3)PO(4), Ca(OH)(2), and a surfactant, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfat...

Differential interactions between influenza A virus protein hemagglutinin (HA) and α2→3 (avian) or α2→6 (human) sialylated glycan receptors play an important role in governing host specificity and adaptation of the virus. Previous analysis of HA-glycan interactions with trisaccharides showed that, in addition to the terminal sialic acid linkage, the conformation and topology of the glycans, whi...