We have performed extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis for artificial Cr-goethite to elucidate the local structure around Cr in Cr-goethite. The spectra were obtained using synchrotron radiation X-rays at the Photon Factory in Tsukuba. The first shell contributions were isolated by Fourier filtering the EXAFS data, and the inverse Fourier transformed single-shell data were ...

Investigations of snowcover dynamics beneath vegetation canopies require either measured or estimated solar and thermal radiation values at the snow surface. A deterministic method is presented that uses portable arrays of pyranometers and pyrgeometers to quantify the amount of incoming radiation at the snow surface. Example solar and thermal radiation datasets are presented from boreal deciduo...

We tested the effects of solar radiation, and UV-B in particular, on the growth of Antarctic terrestrial fungi. The growth responses to solar radiation of five fungi, Geomyces pannorum, Phoma herbarum, Pythium sp., Verticillium sp., and Mortierella parvispora, each isolated from Antarctic terrestrial habitats, were examined on an agar medium in the natural Antarctic environment. A 3-h exposure ...

background:  the aim of the study was to estimate the radiation dose during emergency exposure to patients treated with iodine-131 during the isolation period. materials and methods: the dose rate from a sample of 192 patients administrated by three different radioactivity of 131i (3.7, 5.55 and 7.4 gbq) was measured, at 1 meter after 1, 24 and 48 hours post dose administration, at three differ...

background: in order to deliver the precise dose to the target in radiotherapy, absorbed dose to water at the reference point should be assessed. when the calibration procedure is performed for a reference dosimeter in the 60co beam of a secondary standard dosimetry laboratory (ssdl), the total uncertainty in absorbed dose to water (dw) is estimated to be approximately 1.5%. this study attempts...

background: hot lab is a specially designed room in a nuclear medicine hospital where the radiopharmaceuticals are delivered, stored and prepared for dispensing. 99mo/99mtc-generator is the major source in the hot lab used for various medical imaging. it is important to maintain a standard for hot lab procedures to optimize the patient care and minimize radiation exposure to all nuclear medicin...

Radiation resistance remains a significant problem for cancer patients, especially due to the time required to definitively determine treatment outcome. For fractionated radiation therapy, nearly 7 to 8 weeks can elapse before a tumor is deemed to be radiation-resistant. We used the optical redox ratio of FAD / ( FAD + NADH ) to identify early metabolic changes in radiation-resistant lung cance...

Meteorological station records often consist only of precipitation and air temperature data. There is therefore a need for appropriate methods to estimate solar radiation data to enable complete data set creation, by combining observed and estimated data. It is important to know the quality and characteristics of the estimates made in order to understand what impacts the data may have on the us...

Background: The hematopoietic system is sensitive to the adverse effects of ionizing radiation. Cellular therapies utilizing mesenchymal stem cells or vascular endothelial cells have been explored as potential countermeasures for radiation hematopoietic injuries. We investigated cells cultured from amnion                ...

Introduction: The rapid use of computed tomography (CT) scan is of great concern, due to increase in patients’ dose. Optimization of CT protocol is a vital issue in dose reduction. This study aimed to optimize radiation dose in cranial CT and assess modifications in image quality under radiation dose reduction. Material and Methods: A poly(me...