Software testing is a topic of growing importance because of the central role it plays in so many aspects of software engineering, both preand post-delivery. There is strong empirical evidence (Glass, 2002; Leffingwell and Widrig, 2003) that deficient testing of both functional and non-functional properties is one of the major sources of software and system errors. In 2002, NIST estimated the c...

Given a non-negative integral m × n matrix A : I × J → ZZ+, the game Seki is defined as follows. Two players R and C take turns and it is specified who begins (this player is called the first and the opponent second). By one move a player can either reduce a strictly positive entry of A by 1 or pass. If both players pass then the game results in a draw. Player R (respectively, C) wins if a row ...

Recently, new services have emerged which utilize the Internet as a delivery mechanism for multimedia content. With the advent of broadband accesses, more users are willing to download large volume content from servers, such as video files of TV shows. While some popular video services (e.g. YouTube.com) or some broadcasting companies (e.g. ABC.com) use streaming data with Flash technology, som...

skin and hair, and is synthesized in melanosomes transferred from melanocytes. Although melanin plays an important protective role against UV light, over production and accumulation of melanin pigment it could create serious skin problems such as freckles, age spots, and melasma. Thus, the inhibition of melanogenesis has been the focus of medicinal and cosmetic treatments for skin depigmenting ...