OBJECTIVE The Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) of November 1998 prohibited participating tobacco companies from directly or indirectly targeting youth in marketing. Widely publicised information in May 2000 showed increased cigarette advertising in magazines with substantial youth readership and companies were pressed to change their practices. The responses of the tobacco industry to the MSA ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate HIV prevalence in adults who have not tested for HIV using age-specific mortality rates and to adjust the overall population HIV prevalence to include both tested and untested adults. METHODS An open cohort study was established since 1994 with demographic surveillance system (DSS) and five serological surveys conducted. Deaths from Kisesa DSS were used to estimate morta...

Pachmarhi Array of Čerenkov Telescopes (PACT), based on wavefront sampling technique, has been used for detecting TeV gamma rays from galactic and extra-galactic γ-ray sources. The Blazar, Mkn 421 was one such extragalactic source observed during the winter nights of 2000 and 2001. We have carried out a preliminary analysis of the data taken during the nights of January, 2000 and 2001. Results ...

Much research on the American political system has focused presidential power. Yet, there remains a debate over how much constitutional features, factors, and personality impact actions they are perceived. This paper examines 55 studies of power six different periods between 1940 1984, finding that those which evaluated chief executives positive-negative scale were equally split. The current st...

Public corporations often appoint external former founders to their boards in hope that they will encourage a (re-)focus on creating future new business. Seeking investigate this common practice, we integrate upper echelons theory with imprinting theory, arguing founding company indeed represents formative experience leave an imprint and subsequent board decision-making. Subsequent experience, ...

Using a structural time-varying-parameter Bayesian vector autoregression (TVP-BVAR) framework, this paper documents that oil price increases caused by supply disruptions did not affect food commodity prices before the start of millennium, but had positive spillover effects in more recent periods and particularly era around Great Recession. Likewise, shortfalls global resulting from bad harvests...

This article presents a comprehensive values and prices formation model based on Marx’s (1992, 1993) labor theory of value within Temporal Single-System Interpretation (TSSI) framework. bases new interpretation the Marxian Fundamental Theorem (FMT) Monetary Expression Labor Time (MELT). If modification in dialectical sequence categories introduction dual determination socially necessary time ar...

This paper re-examines the tests of the Sharpe-Lintner Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The null that the CAPM intercepts are zero is tested for ten size-based stock portfolios and for twenty five book-to-market sorted portfolios using five-year, ten-year and longer sub-periods during 1965-2004. The paper shows that the evidence for rejecting the CAPM on statistical grounds is weaker than th...

Introduction: Intimacy and the satisfaction with life are solid foundations of a family. This study aims at analyzing communication skills training through religion-based cognitive-behavioral approach on increasing intimacy and the satisfaction with life. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental trial with pretest, posttest, follow-ups and control group. Our sample in this study consisted o...

Monitoring of the indicator Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11.3.1 is important for understanding coordination between land consumption rate (LCR) and population growth (PGR). However, spatiotemporal SDG changes at urban agglomeration (UA) level, relationship LCR PGR in prefecture-level cities from different UAs remains unclear. In this study, we monitored Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) ...