during past few years, dying of apple trees in apple orchards of in kohgiluyeh and boyerahmad province was observed. the symptoms of this abnormality were accompanied with wilting, general weakness, less growth of tree branches and leaves. sometimes sudden dying during flowering and fruit harvest. in early spring up to end of summer of 2008, the sampling from collar and crown effected tissues f...

Effects of soil matrix potential on longevity of egg masses of Meloidogyne incognita were determined during simulated winter conditions. Egg masses were recovered from isolated root fragments incubated in field soil at matrix potentials of -0.1, -0.3, -1.0, and -4.0 bars throughout winter survival periods of 10 weeks for tomato roots and 12 weeks for cotton roots. Egg masses were more superfici...

Vacuoles were isolated from freshly cut slices of the storage roots of beetroot (Beta vulgaris), and from slices that had been washed in aerated water for 1-3 days. The unique vacuolar location of betanin permitted the use of a correlative method to determine whether sucrose and acid invertase were located in the vacuoles. The specific content (the activity of the enzyme or amount of substrate ...

Furanoterpenoid accumulation in response to microbial attack in rotting sweetpotatoes has long been linked to deaths and lung edema of cattle in the world. However, it is not known whether furanoterpenoid ipomeamarone accumulates in the healthy-looking parts of infected sweetpotato storage roots. This is critical for effective utilization as animal feed and assessment of the potential negative ...

Host-parasite relationships of Meloidogyne incognita acrita and Pratylenchus penetrans were compared on three closely related cultivars of tomato: 'Nemared', resistant to root-knot nematodes; 'Hawaii 7153', moderately resistant; and 'B-5', susceptible. Root-knot nematode larvae induced typical galls on the roots of B-5; larvae that entered Nemared were walled-off by necrotic cells; both reactio...

Hylastes spp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were evaluated as potential vectors of Leptographium spp. fungi. Bark beetles were trapped from stands ofloblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., exhibiting a range of decline symptoms in central Alabama. Under controlled conditions, field-collected adult Hylastes salebrosus Eichoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Hylastes tenuis Eichoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), which...

The closely related soybean (Glycine max) cultivars Centennial and Pickett 71 were confirmed to be resistant and susceptible, respectively, to the root-knot nematode Meloidogryne incognita. Increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected in roots of both soybean cultivars 48 hours following inoculation. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in roots of the susceptible cultivar ...

Bovine diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes a variety of economically important enteric and infertility problems. For that reason, several countries have eradicated the disease and some others have schemes in progress to achieve freedom from it. Although there is a considerable amount of information about the risk of BVDV transmission through contaminated semen used for AI, there is no available eviden...

root and crown rot of sugar beet caused by rhizoctonia solani ag2-2 is a destructive disease in the main sugar beet growing areas. use of resistant cultivars is the most effective and environmentally safe way to control the disease. in order to find resistant genotypes, 70 sugar beet lines together with resistant and susceptible checks were evaluated against a highly virulent isolate of r.solan...

the aim of this study was to detect the glutathione s-transferase(gst) enzyme activity of healthy / cystic liver as a diagnostic biomarker for hydatidosis. in order to compare with liver tissue, the level of the gsts enzyme activity of parasite was also determined.parasites were collected from sheep liver tissue with hydatid cysts at a local abattoir and washed with pbs buffer. collected parasi...