The fundamental foundations of human culture should include funeral and memorial rites, which reflect the life cycle an ethnic group. In emergency situations, there are changes in habitual image people concentration public attention on ritual sphere. Epidemics that differ scale mortality can be considered to such situations. article examines influence epidemics process Russia basis analysis 18t...

The article based on the material of “Vedomosti” era Peter I, “St. Petersburg Vedomosti” and “Moscow 18th–19th centuries traces formation use letter Ѣ. established usage is compared with recommendations grammatical works centuries. specificity this norm that Ѣ was determined not only by Church Slavonic spelling tradition artificial rules for differentiating homonyms, but also some special patte...

The anatomical collection of the Anatomical Museum of Leiden University Medical Center (historically referred to as Museum Anatomicum Academiae Lugduno-Batavae) houses and maintains more than 13,000 unique anatomical, pathological and zoological specimens, and include the oldest teratological specimens of The Netherlands. Throughout four centuries hundreds of teratological specimens were acquir...

The stomach's secretion has been a mystery for centuries. Even after the first indications of its function and role appeared, every formulated idea on the nature of the gastric liquid remained open to controversy. After the ancient Greek perceptions which identified acids as bitter-sour liquids, the physicians of the Iatrochemical School, under the influence of Paracelsus and the alchemists, we...