Several reports have shown that the periventricular region of the brain, including the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), is critical to sensing and responding to changes in plasma osmolality. Further studies also implicate the transient receptor potential ion channel, type V4 (TRPV4) channel in this homeostatic behavior. In previous work we have shown that TRPV4 ion channels couple to calcium-acti...

The polymodal transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel, a member of the TRP channel family, is a calcium-permeable cationic channel that is gated by various stimuli such as cell swelling, low pH and high temperature. Therefore, TRPV4-mediated calcium entry may be involved in neuronal and glia pathophysiology associated with various disorders of the central nervous system, such a...

background: neurobrucellosis is a rare complication of brucellosis. acute meningitis and encephalitis are the most common clinical manifestations; however, symptoms of these two conditions may be subacute and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion in patients from endemic areas. diagnosis is often based on neurological symptoms, serology, and suggestive brain imaging because cerebrospinal...

Urine and serum samples collected from four standard-bred mares after and oral regimen administration of methocarbamol were extracted and analyzed. The method consisted of enzyme hydrolysis followed by a one-step liquid-liquid extraction, separation on a reversed-phase (RP-18) column, and detection using an ultraviolet (UV) detector. The confirmation was carried out using a liquid chromatograph...

The nucleotide sequence of the HN gene was determined for 21 isolates of avian paramyxovirus type 2 virus and compared with the published HN gene of APMV-2/chicken/California/Yucaipa/56. The HN gene of the 22 viruses had five different lengths in the range of 1737 to 1755 nucleotides coding for 579 to 585 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis of a corresponding 1734-nucleotide sequence from the HN...

The South Asian Monsoon and mid-latitude Westerlies are two important controls on Tibetan Plateau (TP) fresh water resources. Understanding their interaction requires long-term information on spatial patterns in moisture variability on the TP. Here we develop a network of 23 moisture-sensitive tree-ring chronologies from major juniper forests in a north-south transect on the eastern TP. Over th...

Infrared laser irradiation has been established as an appropriate stimulus for primary sensory neurons under conditions where sensory receptor cells are impaired or lost. Yet, development of clinical applications has been impeded by lack of information about the molecular mechanisms underlying the laser-induced neural response. Here, we directly address this question through pharmacological cha...

The possible identification by INTEGRAL of the EGRET source 3EG J1736 − 2908 with the active galactic nucleus GRS 1734−292 is discussed. The latter was discovered in 1990 and later identified with a Seyfert 1 galaxy. At the time of the compilation of the 3rd EGRET Catalog, it was not considered as a possible counterpart of the source 3EG J1736 − 2908, which remained unidentified. A detailed mul...

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a medicinal plant with various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. This study aimed to encapsulate lemongrass bioactive in alginate/chitosan complex by enhancing the properties of CaCl2 crosslinked incorporated tween 80 ionic gelation method. The hydrogel was prepared mixing alginate solu...

A variational method is introduced to study the propagation of elastic waves in two-dimensional periodic systems. First, it has been applied to a binary system consisting of an array of high-density cylinders in an epoxy background, where the advantages of the method are pointing out in regard with the well-known plane-wave expansion formalism. Second, a comprehensive study is performed for the...