We studied the blood pressure responses to infused norepinephrine in 34 normotensive and 21 unmedicated subjects with essential hypertension. The two groups were similar in age, relative body weight, and urinary electrolyte excretion. Patients were studied on two extremes of dietary salt (200 mEq Na and 10 mEq Na per day). The dose-response curves were highly linear (p less than 0.00001) for bo...

OBJECTIVE To study (i) the current prevalence of iodine-deficiency disorders among schoolchildren in south-western Saudi Arabia after universal salt iodization and (ii) the iodine content of table salts and water. DESIGN Cross-sectional study on a stratified proportional allocation sample of children. Thyroid gland enlargement was assessed clinically and by ultrasound scanning. Urine, table s...

BACKGROUND High salt intake in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may cause high blood pressure and increased albuminuria. Although, the estimation of salt intake is essential, there are no easy methods to estimate real salt intake. METHODS Salt intake was assessed by determining urinary sodium excretion from the collected urine samples. Estimation of salt intake by spot urine was cal...

BACKGROUND The intestine is an increasingly well-recognized site of first-pass drug metabolism. In this study, we determined the influence of dietary salt on the steady-state disposition of verapamil, a drug that undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight normal volunteers received 120 mg of racemic verapamil orally twice a day for 21 days. The disposition kinetics o...

OBJECTIVE High sodium (HS) diet is associated with hypertension (HT) and insulin resistance (IR). We evaluated whether HS diet was associated with a dysregulation of cortisol production and metabolic syndrome (MetS). PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS We recruited 370 adults (18-85 years, BMI 29·3 ± 4·4 kg/m(2) , 70% women, 72% HT, 61% MetS). HS diet (urinary sodium >150 mEq/day) was observed in 70% o...

The separate and combined effects of dietary energy and sodium restriction on regulation of blood pressure were investigated in 30 middle aged obese men with essential hypertension attending the outpatient department. In group 1 (n = 15) a basal period with no dietary restriction was followed by a period taking an energy reduced diet (5.1 MJ; 1230 kcal), the sodium intake being supplemented and...

The effects of two doses of angiotensin II (0.025 micrograms/kg per min and 0.25 micrograms/kg per min) on plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone concentration, creatinine clearance, and sodium and potassium excretion were studied in two groups of 2- to 3-week-old lambs. The 0.025 micrograms/kg per min dose of angiotensin II also was studied in six adult ewes. In response to the angiotensin I...

An 83-year-old man admitted for weakness, lethargy, and mental status changes was found to have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and cryptococcal meningitis. His hospital course was complicated by worsening hyponatremia (sodium < 136 mEq/L). By hospital day 6, the patient’s serum sodium had declined to 127 mEq/L from his admission level of 133 mEq/L. The initial impression was that th...