has always been a challenge in soil mapping (Hole and Campbell, 1985; Hudson, 1992; McKenzie et al., 2000). Some problems in traditional soil mapping—high cost, high subjecTo date defining the soil–environment relationship for tivity, poor documentation, and low accuracy and precision—have motivated the development of a knowledge-based fuzzy soil mapping soil mapping purpose is still largely a ...

Bioorthogonal chemical reactions together with techniques to expand the genetic code have provided exciting new means for protein labeling and visualization in living systems, as well as for optimizing the efficacy of therapeutic proteins. Toward these goals, amino acids with small bioorthogonal functional groups, such as azide, alkyne, or cyclopropene moieties, as well as larger reactive bioor...

To map wildland fires for emission estimation in California, this paper presents an integrated approach to wildfire mapping using daily data of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) satellite. The approach consists of two parts: active fire detection and burnt area mapping. In active fire detection, we combined t...

At present, such research is still very rare in soil science literature. Soils typically exhibit complex spatial variation of multi-categorical For characterizing the spatial correlation of categorivariables such as soil types and soil textural classes. Quantifying and cal variables in geosciences, the main descriptive tools assessing soil spatial variation is necessary for land management and ...

Image template matching is essential in image analysis and computer vision tasks. Cross-correlation algorithms are often used in practice, but they are sensitive to nonlinear changes in image intensity and random noise, and are computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a templatematching algorithm based on a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) procedure with a mutual informati...

The effect of prior probabilities in the maximum likelihood classification on individual classes receives little attention, and this is addressed in this paper. Prior probabilities are designed only for overlapping spectral signatures. Accordingly, their effect on an individual class is independent of the classes that are spectrally separable from this class. The theoretical reasoning reveals t...

As a major class of aromatic polyketide natural products, the angucyclines display significant diversity in structure and bioactivity. Like most other bacterial aromatic polyketides, angucyclines are derived from polyketide chains assembled by the minimal type II polyketide synthases, which consist of a ketosynthase a and b heterodimer complex and a cognate acyl carrier protein. The polyketide ...

The Ordos Basin of China encompasses the Mu Us Desert in the northwest and the Chinese Loess Plateau to the south and east. The boundary between the mostly internally drained Mu Us Desert and fluvially incised Loess Plateau is an erosional escarpment, up to 400 m in relief, composed of Quaternary loess. Linear ridges, with lengths of ~102–103 m, are formed in Cretaceous–Quaternary strata throug...

With the development of remote sensing technology, fusion of remotely sensed images, such as SPOT panchromatic (SPOT P) with SPOT multispectral images (SPOT XS) or Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), has become more important in order to obtain richer information in the spatial and spectral domains simultaneously. Many fusion methods have been developed based on the two-band wavelet transformation. H...

Over the past 40 years there have been significant improvements in weather forecasting. These improvements are primarily due to (1) improved model physics and increased numerical grid resolution made possible by ever-increasing computational power, and (2) improved model initialization made possible by the use of satellite-derived remotely sensed data. In spite of these improvements, however, w...