Miscanthus× giganteus, a perennial rhizomatous grass commercially used as a biofuel crop was grown in a field experiment on a silty clay loam soil for 14 years. There were 3 rates of fertilizer nitrogen (N), none (control), 60 kgNha−1 yr−1 and 120kgNha−1 yr−1 as cumulative applications. The crop was harvested in winter and dry matter yield measured. N did not influence yield. Yield, which incre...

Wetlands provide many ecosystem services to society, most notably the provision of habitat for important plants and animals, the improvement of water quality, and the sequestration of carbon. Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets, vegetation structure and function, and carbon fluxes and accumulation are described for a pair of 1-ha created riverine wetlands in central Ohio USA over 20 years (1994–201...

In order to understand the evolution of the interstellar medium (ISM) of a galaxy, we have analysed the gas and dust budget of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Using the Spitzer Space Telescope, we measured the integrated gas mass-loss rate across asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and red supergiants (RSGs) in the SMC, and obtained a rate of 1.4 × 10−3 M yr−1. This is much smaller than the e...

PURPOSE Calorie restriction (CR) improves health span and delays age-related diseases in many species. The multicenter Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study was the first randomized controlled trial of CR in nonobese humans. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of CR on V˙O2max and muscle strength in the CALERIE trial. ...

Abstract. Understanding the applicability and uncertainties of methods for documenting recharge rates in semi-arid areas is important assessing successive effects land-use changes understanding groundwater systems. This study focuses on estimating impacts a area southeast Australia. Two adjacent catchments were cleared ?180 years ago following European settlement, eucalypt plantation forest was...

PURPOSE This study evaluated exercise-related predictors of successful long-term weight control in women by analyzing the extent to which sustained exercise participation and self-determination theory (SDT)-based exercise motivation variables mediated the impact of a behavioral weight control intervention on 3-yr weight change. METHODS Longitudinal randomized controlled trial consisting of a ...

The water quality in Biscayne Bay has been significantly affected by past and continuing coastal and watershed development. The nutrient concentrations in the Bay have been dramatically changed by the conversion of natural creeks and sheet flow freshwater inputs to rapid and episodic canal inputs from the large and rapidly expanding Miami metropolitan area. This study is an evaluation of nutrie...

Abstract. Ice losses from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have accelerated since 1990s, accounting for a significant increase in global mean sea level. Here, we present new 29-year record of sheet mass balance 1992 to 2020 Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise (IMBIE). We compare combine 50 independent estimates derived satellite observations temporal changes flow, volume, Earth's...

Abstract. The element silicon (Si) is required for the growth of silicified organisms in marine environments, such as diatoms. These consume vast amounts Si together with N, P, and C, connecting biogeochemical cycles these elements. Thus, understanding cycle ocean critical wider issues carbon sequestration by ocean's biological pump. In this review, we show that recent advances process studies ...

BACKGROUND Chronic thoracic pain after cardiac surgery is a serious condition affecting many patients. The aim of this study was to identify predictors for chronic thoracic pain after sternotomy in cardiac surgery patients by analysing patient and perioperative characteristics. METHODS A follow-up study was performed in 120 patients who participated in a clinical trial on pain levels in the e...