The high Andean areas present ecophysiological conditions suitable for the cultivation of many fruit species, especially Solanaceae family. objective this review is to important information on four trees grown in cold climates: Cape gooseberry, tree tomato, lulo, and sweet cucumber o pear melon. cape gooseberry a species well adapted tropical climate, it between 1,800 2,700m a.s.l., with temper...

The life cycle of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) includes two long migratory periods, when the newly hatched leptocephali larvae drift on ocean currents from the Sargasso Sea to the shores of Western Europe and then again up to 30 years later when adult eels swim back to their place of birth for reproductive purposes. Prior to the migration from fresh water (FW) to sea water (SW) adult ye...

Water deficit is one of the most important difficulties, in which happes in dry zone and half dry zones.Water deficit, as the determinative factor, determinates the growing and extension of the plant cover inthese areas. Using the supper attractive, may reduce the production in the crops and control the plantcover in face of dry stress and water deficit. In this paper, the effect of supper attr...

Vegetation has different adjustable properties for adaptation to its environment. Examples include stomatal conductance at short time scale (minutes), leaf area index and fine root distributions at longer time scales (days-months) and species composition and dominant growth forms at very long time scales (years-decades-centuries). As a result, the overall response of evapotranspiration to chang...

Safflower (Carthamustinctorius L.) is an oilseed crop adapted to drought prone arid and semi-arid environments. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of water deficit stress on antioxidant activity, membrane stability index (MSI), leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area index (LAI) and their relationship with seed yield using 64 safflower genotypes grown under normal and water defici...

The effects of soil drought on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of three bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were studied. Drought was imposed 14 days after plants growing up. In the primary leaf of all the cultivars, water stress led to a noticeable decrease in both the initial slope of the An/Ci curve and Amax. The most strongly marked reduction in leaf CO2 exchang...

Models of forest energy, water and carbon cycles assume decreased stomatal conductance with elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) based on leaf-scale measurements, a response not directly translatable to canopies. Where canopy-atmosphere are well-coupled, [CO2 ]-induced structural changes, such as increasing leaf-area index (LD), may cause, or compensate for, reduced mean canopy stomat...

Previous studies on the effects and interactions of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and air temperatures have shown large differences in growth and yield responses among Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Far less attention has been focused on rice cultivars commonly grown in the Southern US. This 2-year study was conducted to determine the effects of [CO2] and air tempera...