C. difficile infection (CDI) is a common debilitating nosocomial infection associated with high mortality. Several CDI outbreaks have been attributed to ribotypes 027, 017, and 078. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the nonpathogenic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (S.b) is effective for the prevention of CDI. However, there is no current evidence suggesting this probio...

We read with great interest the study by Walker et al examining the impact of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) on 14-day attributable mortality [2]. The authors drew conclusions about C. difficile genotype-specific mortality, noting higher attributable mortality for clades 2 (ribotype 027) and 5 (ribotype 078) [2]. Although the statistical methods appear to be adequate, the presentation of...

OBJECTIVES Fidaxomicin, which was recently approved for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea, demonstrates narrow-spectrum bactericidal activity via inhibition of RNA polymerase. In this study we evaluated its inhibitory activity versus C. difficile toxin gene expression and toxin production by quantifying toxin mRNA and protein. METHODS The effects of fidaxomicin, its ...

Citation: Hariharan U, Garg R (2015) Update on Opioid Addiction for Perioperative and Critical Unit Care: Anaesthesiologists Perspective. J Addict Med Ther Sci 1(2): 027-030. DOI: 10.17352/2455-3484.000007 027 sugar, starch, acetaminophen, procaine, quinine, steroids, clenbuterol (a banned beta-2 agonist) and sometimes even synthetic opioids like fentanyl, leading to a multitude of unpredictabl...

BACKGROUND Biofilm bacteria are relatively more resistant to antibiotics. The escalating trend of antibiotic resistance higlights the need for evaluating alternative potential therapeutic agents with antibacterial properties. The use of honey for treating microbial infections dates back to ancient times, though antimicrobial properties of Manuka honey was discovered recently. The aim of this st...

INTRODUCTION The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has changed in the last two decades. There is a lack of information regarding incidence and severity of CDI, especially in the developing world. METHODS This was a retrospective and observational study from four hospitals of three Mexican cities. Patients were diagnosed with CDI when presented with loose stools and had at ...

The Clostridium difficile exotoxin, TcdB, which is a major virulence factor, varies between strains of this pathogen. Herein, we show that TcdB from the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 strain of C. difficile is more lethal, causes more extensive brain hemorrhage, and is antigenically variable from TcdB produced by previously studied strains of this pathogen (TcdB003). In mouse intoxication assays, TcdB fr...

1. Human extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) sarcomere length was measured intraoperatively in five subjects using laser diffraction. 2. In a separate cadaveric study, ECRB tendons were loaded to the muscle's predicted maximum tetanic tension, and tendon strain was measured to estimate active sarcomere shortening at the expense of tendon lengthening. 3. As the wrist joint was passively flexed...