Background The electrocardiogram (ECG) is important for gating purposes in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). However, the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect, which is caused by the flow of blood in the static magnetic field, makes it difficult to record clean ECG signals for gating. The vectorcardiogram (VCG), which can be derived from the ECG signal, is commonly used for gating purposes ...

We consider the revenue of the Generalized Second Price (GSP) auction, which is one of the most widely used mechanisms for ad auctions. While the standard model of ad auctions implies that the revenue of GSP in equilibrium is at least as high as the revenue of VCG, the literature suggests that it is not strictly higher due to the selection of a natural equilibrium that coincides with the VCG ou...

Many methods for deriving vectorcardiographic (VCG) leads from 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) were published. All of them are based on a linear transformation. Differences are only in coefficients of transformation matrixes which are designed based on a model or on linear regression methods. This paper presents and assesses a new nonlinear transformation method based on artificial neural netwo...

BACKGROUND In Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR), the synchronization of image acquisition with heart motion is performed in clinical practice by processing the electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG-based synchronization is well established for MR scanners with magnetic fields up to 3 T. However, this technique is prone to errors in ultra high field environments, e.g. in 7 T MR scanners as used...

We consider auctions in which the players have very limited knowledge about their own valuations. Specifically, the only information that a Knightian player i has about the profile of true valuations, θ∗, consists of a set of distributions, from one of which θ∗ i has been drawn. The VCG mechanism guarantees very high social welfare both in singleand multi-good auctions, so long as Knightian pla...

We examine the effect of false-name bids on combinatorial auction protocols. Falsename bids are bids submitted by a single bidder using multiple identifiers such as multiple e-mail addresses. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1) The Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism, which is strategy-proof and Pareto efficient when there exists no false-name bids, is not false-name-proof, 2) ...

Isolates of Pyricularia grisea from wheat (Triticum aestivum Lam.) and triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) spikes with blast symptoms were analyzed by classical (VCG) and molecular (RAPD) techniques. P. grisea mutants, unable to use sodium nitrate (nit) as nitrogen source, were obtained with potassium chlorate. For vegetative compatibility (VCG) tests, genetically complementary nit mutant pair...

A VCG auction (named after their inventors Vickrey, Clarke, and Groves) is a generalization of the single-good, second price Vickrey auction to the case of a combinatorial auction (multiple goods, from which any participant can bid on each possible combination). We formalize in this entry VCG auctions, including tie-breaking and prove that the functions for the allocation and the price determin...