Sensory transduction in olfactory neurons involves the activation of a cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel by cAMP. Previous studies identified a CNG channel alpha subunit (CNG2) and a beta subunit (CNG5), which when heterologously expressed form a channel with properties similar but not identical to those of native olfactory neurons. We have cloned a new type of CNG channel beta subunit (CNG...

Problem statement: This study describes the use of Reformer Gas (RG) to alter NOx emission in a CNG-fueled HCCI engine. Comparison with diesel, natural gas has a very high octane number (≈120) and high auto-ignition temperature (≈600°C). Composed mostly of methane, natural gas is the only common fuel to manifest relatively pure, single-stage combustion. Other fuels have stronger low-temperature...

This study assesses the fire safety risks associated with compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicle systems, comprising primarily a typical school bus and supporting fuel infrastructure. The study determines the sensitivity of the results to variations in component failure rates and consequences of fire events. The components and subsystems that contribute most to fire safety risk are determined. Fi...

Towards Integrated Powertrain Control for a Mild-Hybrid Urban Vehicle with a Downsized Turbo-Charged CNG Engine — Compressed natural gas (CNG) is considered as one of the most promising alternative fuels for transportation due to its ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, in particular) and its abundance. An earlier study from IFP has shown that CNG has a considerable potential when u...

Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a substitution of alternative fuel for automotive application with significant environmental advantages as it is the only fuel cheaper than gasoline or diesel, comparatively lower air pollution emissions, lesser CO2 emissions. However, emission of methane is 40% more in CNG fuelled engines compared to gasoline and diesel. With the exponential growth in CNG fuelle...

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels mediate cellular responses to sensory stimuli. In vertebrate photoreceptors, CNG channels respond to the light-induced decrease in cGMP by closing an ion-conducting pore that is permeable to cations, including Ca(2+) ions. Rod CNG channels are directly inhibited by Ca(2+)-calmodulin (Ca(2+)/CaM), but the physiological role of this modulation is unknown...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that very low birth weight infants fed by continuous nasogastric gavage (CNG) would achieve full enteral feedings (100 kcal/kg/d) at an earlier postnatal age and have less feeding intolerance (FI) than infants fed by intermittent bolus gavage (IBG). METHODS Eighty infants were stratified by birth weight (700 to 1000 g and 1001 to 1250 g) and randomized into CN...

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are important mediators in the transduction pathways of rod and cone photoreceptors. Native CNG channels are heterotetramers composed of homologous A and B subunits. In heterologous expression systems, B subunits alone cannot form functional CNG channels, but they confer a number of channel properties when coexpressed with A subunits. To investigate the im...

Illumination of vertebrate rod photoreceptors leads to a decrease in the cytoplasmic cGMP concentration and closure of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. Except for Ca(2+), which plays a negative feedback role in adaptation, and 11-cis-retinal, supplied by the retinal pigment epithelium, all of the biochemical machinery of phototransduction is thought to be contained within rod outer segme...

Primary cilia are ubiquitous sensory organelles that concentrate transmembrane signaling proteins essential for sensing environmental cues. Mislocalization of crucial ciliary signaling proteins, such as the tetrameric cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. Although several cis- and trans-acting factors required for ciliary protein trafficking and l...