Ongoing Cryptococcus gattii outbreaks in the Western United States and Canada illustrate the impact of environmental reservoirs and both clonal and recombining propagation in driving emergence and expansion of microbial pathogens. C. gattii comprises four distinct molecular types: VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV, with no evidence of nuclear genetic exchange, indicating these represent distinct speci...

The Cryptococcus species complex contains two sibling taxa, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Both species are basidiomycetous yeasts and major pathogens of humans and other mammals. Genotyping methods have identified major haploid molecular types of C. neoformans (VNI, VNII, VNB and VNIV) and of C. gattii (VGI, VGII, VGIII and VGIV). To investigate the phylogenetic relationships...

The potential of intrinsic parameters to estimate geospatial data quality on Voluntary Geographic Information (VGI) platforms is a recurrent theme in Cartography. spatial-temporal distribution these very heterogeneous, depending several factors such as input availability, number, and motivation volunteers, especially developing countries. most recent approaches have been aiming detail temporal ...

Resilience in the urban context can be described as a continuum of absorptive, adaptive, and transformative capacities. The need to move toward sustainable future bounce forward after any disruption has led recent resilience initiatives engage with concept when where conventional top-down are less likely deliver effective strategies, plans, implementable actions. Transformative pathways emphasi...

Cryptococcus gattii causes invasive fungal infections that have been increasing in incidence and global distribution in recent years. The major molecular genotypes of C. gattii that were previously classified as VGI to VGIV have recently been described as four new species: C. gattii (VGI), C. deuterogattii (VGII), C. bacillisporus (VGIII), and C. tetragattii (VGIV). The main driver for their cl...

Extensive and high-quality geographic data sources are important for any kind of spatial analysis or application, especially in the field of urban data management. In the last couple of years, Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) has increasingly gained attractiveness not only to amateur users, but also to professionals in the geoinformation industry. Different VGI communities evolved and e...

Cryptococcus gattii consists of four cryptic species, VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV. Herein, a duplex PCR assay using two primer pairs targeting the vacuolar membrane gene and the intergenic spacer region was developed. It successfully distinguished the cryptic species according to the distinct size of the amplicons.

Affected locations by flash floods are rich in information for flood management. Usually, there are several types and sources of information which can be related to achieve better reliability to decision-making. However, a major challenge is to achieve the reliability this information within datasets so heterogeneous or complex. For instance, reports of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) ...

Disabled people, especially the blind and vision-impaired, are challenged by many transitory hazards in urban environments such as construction barricades, temporary fencing across walkways, and obstacles along curbs. These hazards present a problem for navigation, because they typically appear in an unplanned manner and are seldom included in databases used for accessibility mapping. Tactile m...