Melatonin is a hormone that has immunomodulatory activity and is believed to influence the production of antibodies in mammals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of suppressed melatonin synthesis on the antibody production. BALB/c mice were immunized with T-cell-dependent (TD) and T-cell-independent (TI) antigens and kept under (i) normal lighting, (ii) constant exposur...

BACKGROUND Conventional hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination fails to achieve efficient protection in about 5-10% of the world population. Hence, different strategies have been adopted to ameliorate HBV antibody titers. This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent application of tetanus-diphtheria (Td) and HBV vaccination on hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibody titer in low-responder healthy indivi...

The majority of adult B lymphocytes in the mouse bear two immunoglobulin isotypes, IgM and IgD (mu(+)delta(+) cells) (1). A small population of IgM-bearing cells lacks, or expresses very low levels of IgD (mu- predominant [mup] cells) (1). These cells are believed to constitute a less mature subset of B cells analogous to neonatal B cells (2). Based on the time during ontogeny when responses to...

The large RNase T,-resistant oligonucleotides of the nondefective (nd) Rous sarcoma viruses (RSV): Prague RSV of subgroup B (PR-B), PR-C and B77 of subgroup C; of their transformation-defective (td) deletion mutants: td PR-B, td PR-C, and td B77; and of replication-defective (rd) RSV( -) were completely or partially mapped on the 30 to 40S viral RNAs. The location of a given oligonucleotide rel...

A new type of displacement transducer for recording the calibrated left apexcardiogram (QLAC) has been evaluated in 69 normal subjects and 99 cardiac patients. Total displacement of QLAC (TD), its peak first derviative (peak dD/dt (t-peak dD/dt). A strong corretation exists between peak dD/dt and TD in normal subjects (r=0.95) and the deviation from the normal relationship allows a separation b...

To determine the relationship of test-day (TD) somatic cell score (SCS) to TD and lactation milk yields, 1,320,590 records from Holstein first and second calvings from 1995 through 2002 were examined. All lactations had recorded yield and SCS for at least the first 4 TD. Least square analyses were conducted for yields on TD 2 through 10 within herd and cow. The model included regressions on cur...

1 The TD-SCDMA Standard .....................................2 2 TD-SCDMA Basics ................................................4 2.1 Advantages of TD-SCDMA ....................................5 2.2 Disadvantages of TD-SCDMA ...............................6 3 TD-SCDMA Functional Blocks and Parameters ....6 3.1 TDD/TDMA ............................................................7 3.2 CDMA .......

Let T be a linear operator on vector space V of dimension n over Fq. For any divisor m n, an m-dimensional subspace W is T-splitting ifV=W⊕TW⊕⋯⊕Td−1W, where d=n/m. σ(m,d;T) denote the number subspaces. Determining for arbitrary open problem that closely related to another important Krylov spaces. We discuss this connection and give explicit formulae in case invariant factors satisfy certain deg...

Adjuvant-induced arthritis can be transferred to naive Dark Agouti (DA) strain (DA.CD45.1) rats by thoracic duct (TD) lymphocytes. Disease can be re-induced in convalescent rats by further transfer of arthritogenic cells, suggesting that resolution of the adoptive disease is not due to active regulation. To examine whether resolution is due to exhaustion of effector cells, we transferred the di...