We show here sodium ion cycling between complex I from Klebsiella pneumoniae and the F(1)F(0) ATP synthase from Ilyobacter tartaricus in a reconstituted proteoliposome system. In the course of NADH oxidation by complex I, an electrochemical sodium ion gradient was established and served as a driving force for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate. In the opposite direction, the deltamu(Na...

Despite advances in clinical therapy, metastasis remains the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA, including those affecting complex I and oxidative phosphorylation, are found in breast tumors and could facilitate metastasis. This study identifies mitochondrial complex I as critical for defining an aggressive phenotype in breast cancer cells. Specific...

Skeletal muscle atrophy remains a clinical problem in numerous pathologic conditions. β2-Adrenergic receptor agonists, such as formoterol, can induce mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) to prevent such atrophy. Additionally, atomoxetine, an FDA-approved norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, was positive in a cellular assay for MB. We used a mouse model of dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy to...

BACKGROUND Measurement of complex I activity has been hampered by the large amounts of tissue required and the resulting turbidity of the assay solution, which makes spectrophotometric analysis difficult. We have developed a new assay for measuring the activity of complex I in isolated mitochondria that is also applicable to skeletal muscle homogenate in patients with suspected mitochondrial di...

Differentiation of Iranian Honeybees (Apis mellifera meda) from Commercial Honeybee Subspecies using ND1 and ND5 Genes

During respiratory glucose dissimilation, eukaryotes produce cytosolic NADH via glycolysis. This NADH has to be reoxidized outside the mitochondria, because the mitochondrial inner membrane is impermeable to NADH. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this may involve external NADH dehydrogenases (Nde1p or Nde2p) and/or a glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle consisting of soluble (Gpd1p or Gpd2p) and membrane-b...