Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a central regulator of the immune and inflammatory responses. Recently, significant advances have been made in the area of IL-1 receptors and IL-1 signal transduction. A family of proteins has been described that share significant homology in their signaling domains with the Type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI). These include the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1AcP), which...

OBJECTIVE Reduced frequency of atherosclerotic plaques is observed in interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1)-deficient mice; however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. Therefore, this study investigate the role of IRAK1 in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia. APPROACH AND RESULTS Stimulation of rat primary vascular smooth muscle cells with fet...

During evolution and with the emergence of multicellular animals, the need arose to ward off foreign organisms that threaten the integrity of the animal body. Among many different receptors that participate in the recognition of microbial invaders, toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in mediating the innate immune response. After binding distinct microbial components, TLRs activat...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are severely compromised for the induction of proinflammatory mediators following toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. Here, we reported that the defective TLR response in TAM was due to the malfunctioning of the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent signaling cascade in concert with downregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor...

İtikadî İslâm mezheplerinin önde gelenlerinden biri olan ve özellikle hilafet konusundaki görüşleriyle diğer fırkalarından ayrılan Şîa, günümüzde dünyanın pek çok yerinde mensubu bulunmakla birlikte Irak bölgesinde ortaya çıktığı ilk dönemden bugüne Ortadoğu coğrafyasında yayılmıştır. Birçok ülkede nüfus bakımından çoğunluğu teşkil etmeseler de Şiîlerin yaşadıkları ülkelerin veya bölgenin son d...

Increasing evidence supports the involvement of microRNAs (miRNA) in the regulation of inflammation in human neurological disorders. In the present study we investigated the role of miR-146a, a key regulator of the innate immune response, in the modulation of astrocyte-mediated inflammation. Using Taqman PCR and in situ hybridization, we studied the expression of miR-146a in epilepsy-associated...