Infants' early gaze alternations are one of their first steps towards a sophisticated understanding of the social world. This ability, to gaze alternate between an object of interest and another individual also attending to that object, has been considered foundational to the development of many complex social-cognitive abilities, such as theory of mind and language. However, to understand the ...

Although both bonobos and chimpanzees are male-philopatric species, outcomes of male-male reproductive competition seem to be more closely associated with mating success in chimpanzees. This suggests that the extent of male reproductive skew is lower in bonobos. In addition, between-group male-male reproductive competition is more lethal in chimpanzees. This suggests that between-group differen...

Dry deposition of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is known to have a phytotoxic impact on plants under photochemical smog conditions, but it may also lead to higher productivity and threaten species richness of vulnerable ecosystems in remote regions. However, underlying mechanisms or controlling factors for PAN deposition are not well understood and studies on dry deposition of PAN are limited. In ...

BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to have a role in the progression of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis. However, the exact mechanism by which PAN induces ROS in this model is little known. In the present study, we attempted to purify a candidate for the target protein from PAN nephrotoxicity. METHODS Using PAN-affinity column chromatography, a series of PAN-bin...

amodified technique is designed to prepare aligned nanofibers to challenge the existing limitations in collecting methods of nanofibers such as, thickness of collected layer, alignment and productivity of nanofibers. collecting and simultaneously heating of the aligned nanofibers were carried out by using a rotating drum fixed on top of syringe needles and applying hot air flow. this electrospi...