We have built and characterized batch-processed polarization beam splitters (PBS), important optical components to separate the orthogonal TE and TM components of light. The devices were fabricated from thin-film, low-stress silicon nitride membranes and showed excellent performance. By stacking membranes, and a triple-layer PBS produced extinction ratios of 21 and 16dB for reflected and transm...

Absolute environmental sustainability assessments (AESAs) evaluate whether the impact of a product system is within its share safe operating space as determined by biophysical limits such planetary boundaries (PBs). The choice sharing principle has significant influence on result an AESA, and any studies call for further research how to in operational way that relates product's contribution wel...

Owing to the strong public concerns about environmental protection and potential energy crisis (fossil fuels), there is a global trend of substitution petrochemical-based polymers towards biopolymers. Polybutylene succinate (PBS), as an emerging biobased biodegradable polymer, has drawn great deal interest in number fields. However, high flammability PBS constitutes major obstacle for its appli...

results one hundred and eighty-eight anesthesiologists (84.3 %) agreed to participate in the study. while all participants had made their first attempts in neuraxial blocks (nbs) when they were residents, this ratio was detected as 96.8% for pbs. all participants learned neuraxial and pbs on patients in the operating theater. education proficiency ratios for spinal, epidural and pbs were 98.1 %...

PURPOSE To investigate the adverse effect of intravitreal injection of normal saline (NS) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in mouse eyes. METHODS NS or PBS was injected intravitreally into C57BL/6J mouse eyes. Retinal lesions were monitored by fundus imaging, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and histological investigations. Retinal immune gene expression was determine...

The Shortest Common Supersequence Problem (SCSP) is a well-known hard combinatorial optimization problem that formalizes many real world problems. This paper presents a novel randomized search strategy, called probabilistic beam search (PBS), based on the hybridization between beam search and greedy constructive heuristics. PBS is competitive (and sometimes better than) previous state-of-the-ar...

BACKGROUND The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) was developed from a modified version of the Berg Balance Scale aiming to obtain a balance scale more appropriate for the child population. OBJECTIVES To adapt the PBS into Brazilian-Portuguese and to evaluate the intra and inter-rater reliability of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of PBS. METHODS To perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the ...

In this report, we describe three encodings of the multiple constant multiplication (MCM) problem to pseudo-boolean satisfiability (PBS), and introduce an algorithm to solve the MCM problem optimally. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed encodings and the optimization algorithm are the first formalization of the MCM problem in a PBS manner. This report evaluates the complexity of the prob...