We report the first experimental evidence for direct particle acceleration by stimulated emission of radiation. In the framework of this proof-of-principle experiment, a 45 MeV electron macrobunch was modulated by a high-power CO2 laser and then injected into an excited CO2 gas mixture. The emerging microbunches experienced a 0.15% relative change in the kinetic energy, in a less than 40 cm lon...

An effective Lagrangian for ηN interaction in nuclear medium is deduced from the chiral perturbation theory. The energy, effective mass and optical potential of η mesons as functions of nuclear density are obtained. Our results show that there is strong attractive η nuclear interaction at normal nuclear density, and in-medium properties of η depend strongly on the off-shell term which is determ...

We apply the perturbative chiral quark model (PCQM) at one loop to analyse meson-baryon sigma-terms. Analytic expressions for these quantities are obtained in terms of fundamental parameters of low-energy pion-nucleon physics (weak pion decay constant, axial nucleon coupling, strong pion-nucleon form factor) and of only one model parameter (radius of the nucleonic three-quark core). Our result ...

Utilizing the Mg(P, 2n) reaction and unique particle telescopes, beta-delayed proton emission from Al proceeding via its isobaric analog state in Mg has been observed. The relevant proton group was detected at 223~20 keV with a proton decay branching ratio of 3.5~1.9 %. The proton width determined for this state is approximately an order of magnitude larger than that predicted by a full-basis 1...

This survey describes the submodular function minimization problem (SFM); why it is important; techniques for solving it; algorithms by Cunningham [7, 11, 12], by Schrijver [69] as modified by Fleischer and Iwata [20], by Orlin [64], by Iwata, Fleischer, and Fujishige [45], and by Iwata [41, 43] for solving it; and extensions of SFM to more general families of subsets.

.......................................................................................................19 Introduction...................................................................................................21 Results...........................................................................................................25 Discussion.....................................................

OBJECTIVES Cross-sectional studies suggest that around 6% of men undergo prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing each year in UK general practice (GP). This longitudinal study aims to determine the cumulative testing pattern of men over a 10-year period and whether this testing can be considered equivalent to screening for prostate cancer (PCa). SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES Pati...

For the first time, time-dependent internal charge amplification through impact ionization has been observed in a planar germanium (Ge) detector operated at cryogenic temperature. In time period of 30 and 45 minutes after applying bias voltage, energy corresponding to baseline 59.54 keV $\gamma$ rays from $^{241}$Am source is amplified for short then decreases back baseline. The depends strongl...

PURPOSE To determine expression levels of annexin I (lipocortin I) in patient-matched benign prostatic epithelium (BPE), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and prostate cancer (CaP). EXPERIMETNAL DESIGN: Annexin I protein expression was examined with a standard immunohistochemical protocol in 69 radical prostatectomy specimens, 45 of which also contained HGPIN. Immunostaine...