Conventional wisdom postulates that leaching losses of N from agriculture systems are dominated by NO(3)(-). Although the export of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) into the groundwater has been recognized for more than 100 yr, it is often ignored when total N budgets are constructed. Leaching of DON into stream and drinking water reservoirs leads to eutrophication and acidification, and can po...

Neuroethics and National Security Turhan Canli a , Susan Brandon b , William Casebeer c , Philip J. Crowley d , Don DuRousseau e , Henry T. Greely f & Alvaro Pascual-Leone g a Stony Brook University, b Yale University, c United States Air Force, NATO Military Headquarters, d Center for American Progress, e Human Bionics LLC, f Stanford University, g Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deacon...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) frequently contaminates animal feed, including fish feed used in aquaculture. This study intends to further investigate the effects of DON on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) at concentrations representative for commercial fish feeds. Experimental feeding with 352, 619 or 953 μg DON kg(-1) feed resulted in unaltered growth performance of fish during six weeks of experimentation, b...

This study was conducted to determine the positive effects of dietary supplementation with L-arginine (Arg) on piglets fed a deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated diet. A total of eighteen, 28-day-old healthy weanling pigs were randomly assigned into one of three groups: uncontaminated basal diet (control group), 6 mg/kg DON-contaminated diet (DON group) and 6 mg/kg DON + 1% L-arginine (DON + ARG g...

Fourier-transform-near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy has been used to develop quantitative and classification models for the prediction of deoxynivalenol (DON) levels in durum wheat samples. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression analysis was used to determine DON in wheat samples in the range of <50-16,000 µg/kg DON. The model displayed a large root mean square error of prediction value (1,97...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin found in cereal grains and cereal-based foods. DON concentrations in finished products are reduced under some processing conditions, but not others. DON concentrations in flour, wheat and selected foods made from them under commercially relevant conditions were compared by GC with electron capture detection. Average concentrations (n = 9/item) in cookies, cra...

The biosynthesis of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in Fusarium graminearum is regulated by two pathway-specific transcription factors Tri6 and Tri10 and affected by various host and environmental factors. In this study, we showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) treatment induced DON production by stimulating TRI gene expression and DON-associated cellular differentiation in F. gramin...

The Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can cause cell death in wheat (Triticum aestivum), but can also reduce the level of cell death caused by heat shock in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell cultures. We show that 10 μg mL(-1) DON does not cause cell death in Arabidopsis cell cultures, and its ability to retard heat-induced cell death is light dependent. Under dark conditions, it ac...

DON as a source of bioavailable nitrogen for phytoplankton D. A. Bronk, J. H. See, P. Bradley, and L. Killberg Department of Physical Sciences, The College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA Geo-Marine Inc., 550 East 15th Street, Plano, TX 75074, USA Received: 26 June 2006 – Accepted: 14 July 2006 – Published: 7 August 2006 ...

There is a universal constant 0 < r0 < 1 with the following property. Suppose that f is an analytic function on the unit disk D, and suppose that there exists a constant M > 0 so that the Euclidean area, counting multiplicity, of the portion of f(D) which lies over the disk D(f(0), M), centered at f(0) and of radius M , is strictly less than the area of D(f(0), M). Then f must send r0D into D(f...