In the final days of 2020, European Union and United Kingdom concluded a Trade Cooperation Agreement (TCA) covering broad range policy areas, including cooperation law enforcement authorities social security systems. The EU-UK TCA is unique as concerns circumstances its negotiation adoption, well substance. However, contrary to argument EU institutions, agreement will have implications for unde...

On 1 May 2021, the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) entered formally into force. This article asks whether mutual trust exists after Brexit it plays any role in future judicial cooperation between EU UK, provided for newly applicable TCA. The human rights conditionality introduced by TCA, new government mechanism established to enforce it, aim ascertain continuous UK without addition...

The aim of the present work is to purify mucilage polysaccharide extracted from linseed by deproteinization using Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and Hydochloric (Hcl). 10% w/v TCA deproteinized more than 80% when pH solution was 3. can be considered as an better deproteinizing agent compared hydrochloric evidenced highest efficiency (88.57%)

UNLABELLED A recent controversial hypothesis suggested that the bactericidal action of antibiotics is due to the generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), a process requiring the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle). To test this hypothesis, we assessed the ability of oxacillin to induce ROS production and cell death in Staphylococcus epidermidis strain 1457 and an i...

We examined the relationship between tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate (TCAI) pool size, TCA cycle flux (calculated from leg O2uptake), and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity (PDHa) in human skeletal muscle. Six males performed moderate leg extensor exercise for 10 min, followed immediately by intense exercise until exhaustion (3.8 ± 0.5 min). The sum of seven measured TCAI (ΣTCAI) incre...

Liver-specific phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) null mice, when fasted, maintain normal whole body glucose kinetics but develop dramatic hepatic steatosis. To identify the abnormalities of hepatic energy generation that lead to steatosis during fasting, we studied metabolic fluxes in livers lacking hepatic cytosolic PEPCK by NMR using 2H and 13C tracers. After a 4-h fast, glucose produ...

Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized in the liver and secreted into the intestine. In the lumen, enteric bacteria metabolize BAs from conjugated, primary forms into more toxic unconjugated, secondary metabolites. Secondary BAs can be injurious to the intestine and may contribute to disease. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are known to interact ...

A dynamic model based on ordinary differential equations that describes uptake, basolateral and canalicular export of taurocholic acid (TCA) in human HepaRG cells is presented. The highly reproducible inter-assay experimental data were used to reliably estimate model parameters. Primary human hepatocytes were similarly evaluated to establish a mathematical model, but with notably higher inter-a...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relative efficacy of different therapeutic strategies in patients with symptomatic multivessel coronary artery disease with preserved ventricular function. The primary objectives were defined as a combination of death of cardiac origin, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and refractory angina that required revascularization, and the secondary objectives were defined...

Early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is difficult although it is of crucial importance to prevent its development. To probe potential markers and the underlying mechanism of DN, an animal model of DN, the db/db mice, was used and serum and urine metabolites were profiled using gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Metabolic patterns were evaluated based on serum and urine...