We consider a (pure) public goods provision problem with voluntary participation in a quasi-linear economy. We propose a new hybrid solution concept, the free-ridingproof core (FRP-Core), which endogenously determines a contribution group, public goods provision level, and how to share the provision costs. The FRP-Core is always nonempty in public goods economies but does not usually achieve gl...

سابقه و هدف: سلامت خاک از مولفه ‏های اصلی در دستیابی به سامانه ‏‏های کشاورزی پایدار بوده که شدت تحت تاثیر عملیات زراعی مانند خاکورزی قرار می ‏گیرد. را توان با استفاده پارامترهای فیزیکی، شیمیایی بیولوژیکی قالب الگوریتم‏ های مشخص کمّی کرد. نتیجه، بررسی وضعیت کیفی باروری مدیریتی مختلف زمین جهت استقرار مناسب برای تولید بهینه نظام‌های امری ضروری می‏ باشد. چارچوب ارزیابی مدیریت SMAF 1 عنوان ابزاری قدر...

BACKGROUND Older healthy and HIV-infected adults exhibit physiological similarities. Frailty is a clinical syndrome associated with aging that identifies a subset of older adults at high risk of mortality and other outcomes. We investigated whether HIV infection increases the prevalence of a frailty-related phenotype (FRP) that approximates a clinical definition of frailty. METHODS We first d...

STUDY DESIGN A controlled and retrospective study of 144 chronic low back pain patients to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive functional restoration program in France. OBJECTIVE Evaluating the efficiency of an intensive, dynamic and multidisciplinary functional restoration program in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP), during 6 and 12 months follow up. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND D...

Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) is an approach to the development of reactive systems which provides a pure functional interface, but which may be implemented as an abstraction of an imperative event-driven layer. FRP systems typically provide a model of behaviours (total time-indexed values, implemented as pull systems) and event sources (partial time-indexed values, implemented as push ...

One of the most common failure modes of strengthened RC beams with externally bonded FRP is intermediate crack (IC) debonding of FRP initiated at the tip of flexural/shear cracks. This study presents a method, using extended finite element method (XFEM), to model IC debonding in an FRP-strengthened concrete beam. In XFEM, as soon as a damage initiation criterion is reached in an element, additi...

This paper provides a review of some of the progress in the area of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP)-strengthening of columns for several loading scenarios including impact load. The addition of FRP materials to upgrade deficiencies or to strengthen structural components can save lives by preventing collapse, reduce the damage to infrastructure, and the need for their costly replacement. The ret...