This is a collection of notes on embedding problems for 3-manifolds. The main question explored is ‘which 3-manifolds embed smoothly in S4?’ The terrain of exploration is the Burton/Martelli/Matveev/Petronio census of triangulated prime closed 3-manifolds built from 11 or less tetrahedra. There are 13766 manifolds in the census, of which 13400 are orientable. Of the 13400 orientable manifolds, ...

We have probed internal and external accessibility of S4 residues to the membrane-impermeant thiol reagent methanethiosulfonate-ethyltrimethlammonium (MTSET) in both open and closed, cysteine-substituted Shaker K+ channels. Our results indicate that S4 traverses the membrane with no more than 5 amino acids in the closed state, and that the distribution of buried residues changes when channels o...

with σ the physical cross section, σ̂ the perturbatively calculable hard scattering factor, and φf/hi the parton distribution for parton f in hadron hi. The partonic hard-scattering factors σ̂ include soft and virtual corrections, arising from soft-gluon emission and loop diagrams, which manifest themselves as plus distributions and delta functions with respect to a kinematical variable xth that ...

Modal logic is extended by partially ordering the modalities. The modalities are normal, i.e., commute with either conjunctions or disjunctions and preserve either Truth or Falsity (respectively). The partial order does not conflict with type of modality (K, S4, etc.) although this paper will concentrate on S4 since partially ordered S4 systems appear to be numerous. The partially-ordered norma...

X-ray crystallography has made considerable recent progress in providing static structures of ion channels. Here we describe a complementary method-systematic fluorescence scanning-that reveals the structural dynamics of a channel. Local protein motion was measured from changes in the fluorescent intensity of a fluorophore attached at one of 37 positions in the pore domain and in the S4 voltage...

Francisella tularensis is classified as a Tier 1 select agent by the CDC due to its low infectious dose and the possibility that the organism can be used as a bioweapon. The low dose of infection suggests that Francisella is unusually efficient at evading host defenses. Although ~50 cfu are necessary to cause human respiratory infection, the early interactions of virulent Francisella with the l...

Background: High throughput gene expression studies using oligonucleotide microarrays depend on the specificity of each oligonucleotide (oligo or probe) for its target gene. However, target specific probes can only be designed when a reference genome of the species at hand were completely sequenced, when this genome were completely annotated and when the genetic variation of the sampled individ...

Three batches of yogurts were made with soy protein isolate (SPI) supplemented with 2% (S2), 4% (S4) or 6% (S6) of skim milk powder (SMP). The fourth batch (control; S0) was prepared from SPI without SMP supplementation. Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 (Lb 11842) and Streptococcus thermophilus ST 1342 (ST 1342) were used as the starter culture. Biotransformation of the inac...

The rotational spectrum of S4 has been observed for the first time in an electrical discharge through sulfur vapor. Two techniques have been used: Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and long-path millimeter-wave absorption spectroscopy. Small, but systematic shifts of the measured transition frequencies of the normal isotopic species indicate that S4 has C2v symmetry but with a low-lying ...

The exposure of human to toxic heavy metal release from plastic container creates a major health hazards. The main objectives of this study was to examine the concentration of toxic heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr and Cd) in local made food containers purchased from various districts of U.P,(India), at 25±2°C for 24hrs in different simulating solvents as per BIS, IP, USP and other guidelin...