Brain recovery after prolonged wakefulness is characterized by increased density, amplitude and slope of slow waves (SW, <4 Hz) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. These SW comprise a negative phase, during which cortical neurons are mostly silent, and a positive phase, in which most neurons fire intensively. Previous work showed, using EEG spectral analysis as an index of cortical sync...

The present work clarifies the relation between domains of universal machines and r.e. prefix-free supersets of such sets. One such characterisation can be obtained in terms of the spectrum function sW (n) mapping n to the number of all strings of length n in the set W . An r.e. prefix-free set W is the superset of the domain of a universal machine iff there are two constants c, d such that sW ...

In der Entwicklung von Elektrik/Elektronik-Architekturen in Fahrzeugen gibt es derzeit den starken Trend hin zu dem Einsatz von Modulkomponenten, die innerhalb eines Automobilherstellers modellübergreifend, teilweise sogar herstellerübergreifend eingesetzt werden. Ziel dieses Ansatzes ist die Reduzierung von Komponentenvarianten durch Wiederverwendung bei gleichzeitiger vereinfachter Ableitung ...

Certain euryhaline teleosts can tolerate media of very high salinity, i.e. greater than that of seawater itself. The osmotic gradient across the integument of these fish is very high and the key to their survival appears to be the enhanced ability of the gill to excrete excess NaCl. These fish provide an opportunity to study morphological and biochemical aspects of transepithelial salt secretio...

The mRNA expression of pituitary prolactin (prl), growth hormone (gh), somatolactin (sl), proopiomelanocortin (pomc), and gonadotropins (gthI and gthII) was quantified by real-time PCR, in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, adapted for 1 month to seawater (SW) or freshwater (FW). In addition, IGF-I (igfI) mRNA expression in liver and branchial Na+/K+ -ATPase activity were determined. L17 ribosomal...

Traumatic brain injury caused by explosive or blast events is traditionally divided into four phases: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary blast injury. These phases of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) are biomechanically distinct and can be modeled in both in vivo and in vitro systems. The primary bTBI injury phase represents the response of brain tissue to the initial blast...

The existence and role of an L-arginine:nitric oxide (NO) pathway in two human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines, SW-480 and SW-620, were investigated. Both cell lines, which derive from the same patient, SW-480 from the primary tumor and SW-620 from its metastatic lesion, were shown to have a cytosolic, Ca(2+)-independent, NADPH-dependent NO synthase, the activity of which was lower in the ...

Freshwater (FW) teleosts are capable of acclimating to seawater (SW) following such a transfer from FW. However, their osmoregulating mechanisms are still unclear, particularly those in the brain. The present study was conducted to examine acute changes that occur in brain Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, creatine kinase (CK) activity, creatine, creatinine contents, and ATP levels of tilapia (Oreoch...

Available sources of portable water for drinking, domestic and industrial chores in Nigeria are dwindling because of concomitant increase in population, urbanization and industrial activities. This study assessed the qualities of Surface Water (SW), Sediment (SD) and Tilapia Fish (Oreichromis niloticuss) (TF) samples collected from Asejire, Oni, Ona, Ogun, Ogunpa, Eleyele and Majidun rivers and...

Dragonflies are colorful and large-eyed animals strongly dependent on color vision. Here we report an extraordinary large number of opsin genes in dragonflies and their characteristic spatiotemporal expression patterns. Exhaustive transcriptomic and genomic surveys of three dragonflies of the family Libellulidae consistently identified 20 opsin genes, consisting of 4 nonvisual opsin genes and 1...