Due to the high incidence of breast cancer and associated mortality rate,the development of an effective vaccine may be beneficial for the prevention or adjuvant treatment of this malignancy. We have constructed a novel breast cancer vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-hIL2MUC1, that consists of BCG and expresses a truncated form of MUC1 and human interleukin (IL)-2. In vitro analysis of th...

BACKGROUND There is a need for new vaccines for tuberculosis (TB) that protect against adult pulmonary disease in regions where BCG is not effective. However, BCG could remain integral to TB control programmes because neonatal BCG protects against disseminated forms of childhood TB and many new vaccines rely on BCG to prime immunity or are recombinant strains of BCG. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma...

Whether low-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment can reduce the side effects while maintaining efficacy for patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is controversial.To investigate whether low-dose BCG treatment can reduce the side effects while maintaining efficacy for patients with NMIBC when compared with standard-dose BCG treatment.A comprehensive literature search o...

recent studies have proposed that a decline in bacterial infections such as tuberculosis is a factor underlying the rising prevalence and severity of atopic disorder in developed countries. there are conflicting ideas about the inverse relationship between bcg (bacillus calmette-guerin) vaccination and asthma. stronger response to tuberculin test as an indicator of more potent th1 response is s...

We investigated the effects of peripheral blood mononuclear cells expanded with irrelevant control and mycobacterial antigens on the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in human macrophages. More than 90% of the cells present after 1 week of in vitro expansion were CD3(+). T cells were expanded from purified protein derivative-negative controls, persons wi...

BACKGROUND Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is recommended to be given at birth together with BCG vaccine. While we were conducting two trials including low-birth-weight (LBW) and normal-birth-weight (NBW) infants in Guinea-Bissau, OPV was not available during some periods and therefore some infants did not receive OPV at birth, but only BCG. We investigated the effect of OPV given simultaneously with ...

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-12 play a critical role in the expression of cell-mediated immunity involved in host defense against intracellular pathogens. Both cytokines are produced by macrophages and act in synergy to induce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by T, B, and natural killer cells. In the present study, we analyzed both cellular and humoral responses upon infection with IL-1...

Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine approved for prevention of tuberculosis. It has been postulated that serial passage of BCG over the years may have resulted in attenuation of its effectiveness. Because interleukin-12 (IL-12) and oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing cytidine phosphate guanosine (CpG) motifs have been shown to enhance Th1 responses in vivo,...

The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the specific cellular responses of children vaccinated with three different strains of BCG. The study comprised of normal children with normal weight and normal general responses (PHA) to in vitro leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT). The three strains of BCG under study were Japan-BCG, Glaxo-BCG and Madras-BCG. One hundred children ...