About a 100 years ago, the Drosophila white mutant marked the birth of Drosophila genetics. The white gene turned out to encode the first well studied ABC transporter in arthropods. The ABC gene family is now recognized as one of the largest transporter families in all kingdoms of life. The majority of ABC proteins function as primary-active transporters that bind and hydrolyze ATP while transp...

BACKGROUND Insects evolved ingenious adaptations to use extraordinary food sources. Particularly, the diet of herbivores enriched with noxious plant secondary metabolites requires detoxification mechanisms. Sequestration, which involves the uptake, transfer, and concentration of occasionally modified phytochemicals into specialized tissues or hemolymph, is one of the most successful detoxificat...

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) are new optimization methods that have attracted increasing research interests because of its simplicity and efficiency. However, when being applied to high-dimensional optimization problems, PSO algorithm may be trapped in the local optimal because of its low global exploration efficiency; ABC algorithm has slower convergence sp...

Abacavir (ABC), a nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is associated with severe hypersensitivity reactions that are thought to involve the activation of CD8+ T cells in a HLA-B*57:01-restricted manner. Recent studies have claimed that noncovalent interactions of ABC with HLA-B*57:01 are responsible for the immunological reactions associated with ABC. However, the formation of h...

Since its creation in 2005 by D. Karaboga the ABC algorithm proved to be very effective in approaching a wide variety of research optimization problems. However, some drawbacks were also experienced related mainly to a poor exploitation capability (which makes the algorithm relatively slow) and poor success rates when highly non-linear optimization problems with unstructured modes are approache...

Background: Bedside ABC/2 methods of measuring intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volumes are valuable clinical and research tools. The two most common methods of bedside calculation are the ABC/2 formula and the sABC/2 formula. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 142 consecutive spontaneous ICH patients admitted to our institution from November 1, 2009 to October 1, 2010. ICH volume was calculate...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Discussion 3.1. ABC lipid transporters 3.1.2. Macrophage ABC lipid transporters 3.1.3. ABC transporter mediated lipid export from the liver 3.2. ABCA1 is a key regulator of HDL metabolism and cellular cholesterol and phospholipid export 3.2.1. ABCA1 mediated cholesterol trafficking and caveolae 3.2.2. ABCA1 and NPC1: two major regulators of cellular cholesterol tr...

This paper presents a new strategy based on Multi-stage Fuzzy (MSF) PID controller based on Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) for damping Power System Stabilizer (PSS) in multi-machine environment. The recent studies in artificial intelligence demonstrated that the ABC optimization is strong intelligent method in complicated stability problems. Also, finding the parameters of PID controller in power ...

This paper presents a new strategy based on Multi-stage Fuzzy (MSF) PID controller based on Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) for damping Power System Stabilizer (PSS) in multi-machine environment. The recent studies in artificial intelligence demonstrated that the ABC optimization is strong intelligent method in complicated stability problems. Also, finding the parameters of PID controller in power ...